136 
EREBIA. By H. Frhr. v. cl. Goltz. 
pharte 
tliynias. 
pellene. 
flacilla. 
eupompa. 
punctata. 
pallida. 
effusa. 
dilucescens. 
extrema. 
pawlowskyi 
haberh au- 
er i. 
Mlaris. 
tnnkuna. 
maurisius. 
Icderi. 
sajana. 
turanica. 
E. pharte Him. belongs to the species that get smaller and bear less decorative marking and bands at the 
highest localities (up to 2500 m). In high alpine all marks can cpiite disappear or be reduced to sparse 
rust-red dots; a trace of band-like spots is always left on the forewings. This is the form phartina Stgr., which 
here and there occurs as a local race and then again a single specimen is found flying among typical specimens. 
Frtihstorfer gives the name thynias to a high mountain form from the Dauphine which varies slightly from 
the former being only slightly smaller and the name pellene to a transition form between phartina and the 
name-form from Tauern, the Swiss and Savoy Alps, as is illustrated in Vol. 1, plate 36 d (Fig. 7 and 8). He 
denominates as flacilla a 'luxuriant variety” from the southern Swiss Alps which has richly developed bands. 
fasciata Spul. which occurs not only in Carinthia, but also in Styria shows the greatest development of the 
spots which merge forming a genuine band, eupompa Frulnst. (9 a) from Upper Bavaria resembles it closely 
in regard to the development of the bands, but it distinguishes itself from all other races chiefly by its size and 
the yellow-red colouration of the bands. The rare form from the heights of the Vosges does not differ from 
the name-form. It flies also in the Carpathians. — Aberrative specimens with 2—4 dots in the band of the 
forewings are called punctata Hoefn., those with pale colouration of the bands pallida Osth., when the band suffuses 
towards the base of the fore wings effusa Osth., when the fore wings are suffused with red to the base dilucescens 
Osth. extrema Schwing. is a specimen from the Glockner territory without any marking and unicolourous 
brown-black. 
E. pawlowskyi Men. Whilst Eiffinger’s description is fairly accurate it should be amplified by stating 
that the “diffuse yellow streak” occurring here and there on the underside of the hindwings, which is clearest 
in the disc and stretches diffusing towards the base, can sometimes be not only clear and sharply outlined, but 
can be accompanied by a second and even a third spot, so that a sort of a band is created. In one specimen 
there are even a few further yellow streaks between these discal and marginal spots. In sajana specimens that 
I have examined, this streak is only faintly indicated, otherwise the form sajana Stgr. which flies in the Sajan 
Mountains is scarcely differentiable from the name form. 
E. haberhaueri $tgr. Statjdinger’s type from Tarbagatai is a specimen in which the fuscous marking 
of the upperside of the £ is limited to a spot in the median cell, a small streak on the costa of the forewings and 2 
small dots on the inner margin, otherwise it is plain grey-brown. The somewhat darker underside shows 
distincter remnants of bands: there are 4 small rust-red spots on the forewings and 6 yellow-red dots on the 
hindwings. The middle area of the forewings is a lighter rust-red. The insect is clearly very variable. Eif- 
finger’s description corresponds exactly with another specimen submitted to me which also originates from 
Tarbagatai (Saisan) which possibly deserves a separate name. The forms from Tarbagatai and Altai ( elwesi 
Stgr.) are considerably surpassed in the development of the bands, the fuscous middle area of the fore wings 
which extends to the inner margin, in liveliness of colouration and clarity of the markings by the forms from 
the Sajan Mountains, hilaris form. nov. ( Stdgr. i. 1.) and lunkuna form. nov. (0. B.-H. i. 1.) of which the latter 
differs from the former by richer and more sharply outlined markings of the underside. 
E. maurisius E.sp. is much more variable than one would imagine from Eiffinger’s description. The 
streaks of rust-red from the middle area to the marginal band are often absent, the spots of the hindwings 
are rarely round, mostly elongated streak-like. The spots on the underside of the hindwings of which there are 
7—8 in the 3, are of very varying size and shape being only exceptionally punctiform, in the $ there are 
sometimes several yellow-white streaks in the middle cell. The very sharp dark line separating the fringes from 
the wings, is striking. Also theano Tausch. differs considerably. The band-like spots could be more correctly 
described as yellow red. On the other hand the bright ochreous and beautifully developed bands of the form 
lederi form. nov. (O. B.-H. i. 1.) (10 a) from the Central Altai make it one of the finest Erebia. The middle cell 
of the forewings and also of the hindwings is so strongly suffused with ochreous yellow towards the base, that 
a basal band is almost created. The fringes are more distinctly checked brown and grey-white than in other 
forms. The underside is more richly and distinctly marked and is even brighter. In some cases the spots at the 
base of the hindwings are whitish-yellow, which colour also occurs in a striation of the ochre-yellow marginal 
band. — The form from the West Sajan (near Minussinsk) which is called sajana form. nov. appears insignificant 
in comparison. It is the smallest of the maurisius forms with relatively poorly developed bands and spots on 
the upper and undersides. A $ shows certainly heavy rust-red basal spots. Otherwise the race closely resembles 
the name-form. 
E. turanica Ersch. is one of the most variable Erebia that is known. It varies in size from 1.8 mm wing 
length ( reclucta) to 2.6 mm ( jucunda ). The bands of the upperside are reduced sometimes to 3 pinhead sized 
rust-red dots on the forewings and 5 still smaller dots on the hindwings and then again in other specimens the 
bands form a very wide yellow-red continuous band stretching almost from the outer margin to the inner 
margin tapering off only slightly towards same on the forewings, whilst on the hindwings there are 6 separated 
but considerably enlarged roundish spots. Also the colouration of the bands varies from dull rust-red (mostly - 
in forms with poorly developed bands) to yellow-red. Between these extremes there is every kind of gradation. 
The same applies to the development of the white bands on the underside of the hindwings. These can be 
