144 
EREBIA. By H. Frhr. v. d. Goltz. 
latefasciata. 
fasciala. 
obscura. 
-pallida, 
irisescens. 
ochracea■ 
virgata. 
pallcscens. 
epistygne. 
andera. 
viriathus. 
goanle. 
homolc. 
valderien- 
sis. 
apennini- 
gera. 
7iana. 
jolanthe. 
heinrichi. 
rliodo pen- 
sis, 
gorge. 
ramondi. 
carljoncina. 
Jcarwendeli. 
hcrcegovi- 
nensis. 
albanica. 
pirinica. 
semicaeca. 
monotonia. 
impunctata. 
herzi. 
effusa. 
neoridas. 
nicochares. 
epincoridas. 
sibyllina. 
etrusca. 
latefasciata, with closed band of the hindwings fasciata and with very dusky underside and almost unicoloured black 
hindwings without a grey-blue band obscura. — pallida Osth. are specimens with pale-grey lighter ground colour. — 
irisescens Goltz have in consequence of defects in scaling transparent iridescent ground colour. Of the -pitho 
specimens flying in the Albula Pass Ttttt has especially named ^0 specimens with yellow ground colour on 
underside of hindwings as ochracea, with very dark brown middle band of hindwings as virgata, with white- 
grey-violet underside and brownish middle band as pallescens. 
E. epistygne Him. Fruhstorfer names the castilian form andera. it is larger, cell of forewing more 
extended, bands darker yellow, hindwings more intensive red-brown, ocelli of upper,side strongly reduced, 
underside of hindwings darker without white striation of veins. - viriathus Sheld. (10 a) from the Sierra cle 
Albarracin in mid Spain is in contrast hereto considerably smaller than the name-form, the dark edge be¬ 
tween the row of spots and margin is much narrower, ocelli on all wings are clearly distinct, colouration of 
underside more grey than brown. 
E. goasite Esp. flies also in Spain (Catalonia), which Fruhstorfer incorrectly disputes. It varies very 
little. honiole a name given by Fruhstorfer to a melanic form with narrower band and reduced white 
pupils is found in the Basses Alpes. - valderietisis Vrty. is a form from the Maritime Alps with deep black 
ground colour, deep red but reduced bands and small ocelli which are often absent on forewings, underside 
is richly contrasting in markings, apenninigera Vrty. from the Ligurian Apennines is not marked in this way 
on the underside, in the q it is very dark, in the $ very white; bands are paler and yellower than in the 
name-form. Vorbrodt names a very small local race from the Fnrka Pass as var. riana. ab. jolanthe Sclitz. 
has the ocelli of the hindwings without pupils, ab. heinrichi Zobel is a homole specimen with almost completely 
disappeared rust-red marginal band. 
E. rhodopensis Stgr. is now everywhere recognised as a genuine species. 
E. gorge Esp. of which we are giving an improved illustration of the form erinnys, Plate 9 d, is the 
liveliest, swiftest flying of all Erebia. I found a $ at the summit of the Furka Pass already at 7 a. m. quaff¬ 
ing at a frozen puddle. It is interesting to record that the fine triopes Spr. occurs as a pronounced local race 
in the South-West Tyrol (Ortler region), whilst it occurs as a common aberration in the Engadin, but a very 
rare one on the Albula Pass (is this a race of the future?). The following new races have been named: by 
Oberthur a rather small race from the Central Pyrenees as ramondi with sharply pointed fore wings, distinct 
angle in the middle of the margin of hindwings, rich development of ocelli, darker colouration of underside. 
Verity names a form in the Apennines carboncina, it is small without eyespots or only with traces of such, 
with clearly outlined band and unicoloured black underside of hindwings. Zusanek names the race from the 
Tyrolian Karwendel Mountains as karwendeli. It is broad of wing and large, bands distinct sharply outlined 
proximally, apical eyes mostly well developed, underside dusky almost without eyespots. This last character¬ 
istic is also found in hercegovinensis Ebl. from Herzegowina and Carnolia, it is somewhat more narrow in the 
wing, eyespots smaller often only punctiform or even absent, the apical tip of the hindwings is remarkably 
sharp, the band inclines to form radiating marks extending into the middle area. This considerable extension 
of the bands like rays especially in the <$ is the chief characteristic of albanica Bbl. from North Albania, 
it otherwise closely resembles hercegovinensis. The form from the macedonian mountains (Pirin) Bitresch 
names pirinica. In contrast to the preceding 2 races it is rich in eyespots with distinct white pupils, whilst 
it shares with them the unicoloured underside. In regard to aberrative specimens we must mention first a 
$ flying in the habitat of triopes with its many eyespots; it has eyespots totally absent on forewings whilst 
on hindwings they are normal or almost normally developed. I name this semicaeca (ab. nov.). — monot¬ 
onia Kammel is a r j which has a highly grey-brown ground colour, the fuscous band on all wings is absent 
and only remains as a bright reddish-grey colouration on the edges of wings. Ocelli are present and have 
white pupils. The insect is found on the road over the Stilfserjoch. A counter part to semicaeca is ab. im- 
punctata Hojfrn. from the Tyrolian Tannen Mountains. Both upper and underside of hindwings are without 
eyespots whilst they are retained on forewings. — herzi ZusaneJc is an aberration of karwendeli which other¬ 
wise is the same as impunctata. The name should be withdrawn. effusa Osth. from Bavaria are specimens 
with bands suffusing inwards. 
E. neoridas Bsd. The name-form is french flying in the Dauphine, the Basses Alps and the southern 
french central mountains. Fruhstorfer separates from it nicochares from the Maritime Alps which is larger, 
mostly darker and has ocelli almost double as large, submarginal area of hindwings is extended proximally. 
The diagnosis does not quite tally with my specimens from the Maritime Alps. — 3 forms have been named 
from Italy: nearest to the name-form is epineoridas Trti. from Piedmont; in size and ground colour it 
corresponds to nicochares , bands are wide, their colouration in the $ lively fuscous, in the £ going over into 
yellowish, on underside of hindwings the middle band is less distinct. The 2 other races are distinguished 
by their smallness, dusky colouration and reduction in bands of all wings. This applies especially to sibyllina 
Vrty. from the Monti Sibillini. Here the band on hindwings is contracted to small spots, in the $$ on the 
forewings it resembles strikingly the form of zapateri. - etrusca Vrty. (9 d) from the Apuan Alps and Abruzzi 
