146 
EREBIA. By H. Frhr. v. d. Goltz. 
land. It is small with narrow, acute angled fore wings, with reduced hand with 3 ocelli on upperside and also 
the hindwing band on underside is little prominent. — The russian and asiatic races have apparently not been 
sufficiently classified, otherwise they would scarcely have escaped denomination. The form from the Urals, of which 
I have a large number before me, is of good size, the sharply outlined bands are narrow, mostly constricted 
in the middle of forewings, dusky fuscous, ocelli with white pupils, the band and basal spot on the underside 
walensis. of hindwings are distinct, faintly wliite-grey in the <$, more heavily ochreous in the $. I name it uralensis 
aliaica. {form. nov.). The form from the Altai (altaica form. nov. [Stgr. i. 1.]) is considerably smaller, about as large as 
Caledonia, the bands not sharply outlined and not constricted in the middle, duller in colour, the dusting of 
the band on underside of hindwing of the $ much more yellow-white. — In regard to the numerous new' 
descriptions of aberrative specimens, be it said first, that $$ with yellowish colouration of the underside of 
ochracea. the hindwings (= ochracea Tutt.) are not rare in almost all races, in fact in some they are the rule, much 
violacea. more rarely when with violet tone (= violacea Wheeler). Other colour anomalies are named: huebneri Oherth. 
^ 'pallida' a s P ec ^ inen from Switzerland with buff ground colour and red-yellow bands, in pallida Mousley the ground 
cmialbina. colour is grey-brown, in emialfoma Vrty. from Germany the bands are paler, the forewings have a narrow 
albofasciata. white costal margin, the margin of all wings is white, in albofasciata Osth. from Bavaria the bands are whit- 
flavescens. ish, in flavescens Tutt from England the $ has pale yellow bands. Variations of the shape of the band are 
abbreviata. shown by abbreviata Hirschke from Salzburg where the band of the fore wing is limited to the circumscript¬ 
ion of the apical eye and a continuation to cell 2, the hindwings in the <$ are unicolorous black-brown, in 
reducta. the $ the band is dissolved into blind red spots, reducta Hartig from the South Tyrol is without the extens- 
obsoleta. ion to cell 2 and also the ocelli of the forewings are without pupils, obsolefa Tutt from England, which 
dehermanni. can occur elsewhere has all bands considerably reduced, dehermanni Deherm. from the french Jura has narrow and 
extinct bands and besides no ocelli on the upper or underside of forewings, those on hindwings numbering 
caeca. 3 are very small, royi Clem from the same locality is probably synonymous hereto, caeca Rid. is quite without 
fritschi. ocelli on all wings on both sides, fritschi Oberthuer from Besancon has undersides quite without eyespots, whilst 
bioeellaia. on the upperside of the forewings there are 2 and on the hindwings 3 quite tiny ocelli, biocellafa Hartig has 
depupiliata. blind eyespots with deep black ground colour, of which the underside on the forewings only bears 2, depu= 
purpurea, pillata Osth. are specimens without white pupils, purpurea Sib. from Belgium has no ocelli in the fuscous 
freyeri. spots of the hindwings. An increased number of ocelli are shown by freyeri Oherth. from Thuringia with dissolv¬ 
ed band, but 5 large ocelli with heavy white pupils on the fore wings and 4 similar ones on the hindwings. 
croesus. — croesus Schaw. from Lower Austria has even 7 and on the hindwings 4 ocelli, the bands are vide and 
fulvous. 
mdancho- E. melancholica H.-Schaeff. (9 e) I doubt the justification of a species. The characteristic distinctions 
hca ' from aethiops stated by Eiffinger in regard to the gradual transition of the band of the forewings into the 
ground colour does not apply to all specimens and the band is not always considerably wider than in aetliiops. 
The absence of eyespots and pupils on the underside of the hindwings occurs not too rarely in aethiops. 
I consider melancholica to be only a local race of aethiops. 
ddbanensis. E„ dabaraeusis Ersch. In amplification of the illustration of the underside in Vol. 1, plate 37 f. we 
fletcheri now add a figure of the upperside (9e) and also one of flefcheri Elw. (9 e) upperside $ and $. I consider 
this a genuine species. 
kozhantshi- E. kozhantsliikovi Shelf, was illustrated by Elwes as being either a form of dabanensis or a separate 
kuvi ' species. Sheljuzhko raises it to the rank of the latter with some reservation. It has a wing length of 21 
to 22 mm and these are wider and more truncate than in dabanensis (9 e and Vol. 1, plate 37 f), the ocelli 
are large, numerous, the upper ones often elliptical, the circumscription yellowish, sharply outlined from the 
ground. Above the topmost ocellus there is often still a yellowish streak. The underside is unicolorous black- 
brown, ocelli correspond with those of the upperside, however are not situate in a wide fuscous band on the fore¬ 
wing, but on the black-brown ground, and only in a few single specimens a red-yellow lightish patch is shown 
round the upper ocelli. On hindwings the grey dusted band is as a rule more faintly developed than in 
dabanensis (9e). From the Altai and the east Siberian Dzhugdzhur Mountains. 
meta. E. meta Stgr. is, as Eiffinger already remarked, a very variable species. It needs further research 
to ascertain whether there are not two separable species on the one hand meta Stgr., mopsos Stgr., gertha Stgr. 
and alexandra Stgr. with smaller size, fulvous bands, distinct marginal band and distinct ocelli on the upper- 
side in common and on the other hand melanops Christ., which is decidedly larger with black-brown ground colour 
with bands and ocelli on the upperside very reduced, even quite extinct. It is true that issyka Stgr. stands 
between as a link having the marking and colouration of alexandra whilst the size more nearly approaches 
melanops. 
euryale. E. euryale Esp. an interesting species on account of its relationship to ligea, that has given cause for 
many new denominations. The name-form described by Eiffinger in Vol. 1, p. 107 is exclusively found on 
the silesian-bohemian frontier mountains. Beginning in the west of Europe new races have been described 
cantabri- from the Pyrenees cantabricola Vrty. and antvorta (not antevortes) Fruhst. cantabricola is small with striking 
cot Cl. 
