148 
EREBIA. By H. Frhr. v. d. Goltz. 
minima. 
pleniocella- 
1a. 
extremioi- 
des. 
defessa. 
latifasciata. 
bipunctata. 
disjuncta. 
intermedia. 
caeca. 
depunctata. 
heyni. 
addenda. 
letarsligma. 
api calls, 
excedentia. 
simplex, 
basalis. 
ochracea. 
huebneri. 
virgata. 
ligea. 
monlicola. 
meridiona¬ 
lis. 
permagna. 
carthusia- 
norum. 
alticola. 
nikostraie. 
siskia. 
dovrensis. 
0. Bang-Haas i. 1.) more to euryale, finally there is a specimen in the Senckenberg Museum in Frankfurt 
a. M. with a label of the South Urals, that is undoubtedly an euryale (small narrow bands without any 
ocelli, underside almost like helvetica, but the hindwings with minute red dots). Therefore I must admit that 
euryale also flies in the far north and minima var. nov. (9 e) is to be added from the Central Altai. It is the 
smallest of all euryale races (<J 18, $ 19 mm wing length) with a fairly wide band that is conjoined on fore¬ 
wings, but dissolved into spots on hindwings, in which medium large ocelli without pupils are placed. It is dull 
yellow-red. Underside in the with distinct yellow red band which on the hindwings consists of a row of round 
spots merged together. On the forewing there are 4 striking large ocelli in it and on the hindwing 3 smaller 
ones. In the $ the white-grey dusted band is clearly marked on the hindwings and in it there are a few black 
ocelli surrounded with yellow-red. — Besides the aberrative specimens mentioned by Eifftnger, extrema Schaw. 
and euryaloides Tengstr. a further 22 have been newly named. They can only be dealt with briefly here. 
Firstly there is the form from Bolzano named by Count Hartig plenioeellata, an aberration that is identical 
with the race isarica-clanis. Aberrations in regard to the formation of the band and the ocelli of the upper- 
side have been named: extremioides Nitzsche with uniform black-brown hindwing from Austria, defessa Hartig 
without ocelli and narrow band of dissolved spots, latifasciata Hartig with very wide, bright-red bands and 
small ocelli, in the $ the band on underside of hindwings is lined with white towards the inner margin, 
bipunctata Hartig with only 2 ocelli in the narrow band of the forewings, hindwings without eyespots, under¬ 
side of hindwings heavily dusted with white; all the last 3 from the neighbourhood of Bolzano. Strand names 
from the heights around Tatra an aberration with reduced band on the forewings and ocelli disjuncta. In 
intermedia Schaw. from the Dolomites only the band is aberrative, it being a transition form between ocellaris 
Stgr. and extrema Schaw. The band consists only of red ringlets around the black ocelli. The following new 
denominations refer to the latter alone: caeca Trti. is the form that occurs everywhere without any ocelli on 
the upperside and generally also on the underside, which has erroneously as a rule been designated as eurya¬ 
loides Tengst.\ inocellata Goltz is a subsequent name for the same aberration and therefore to be cancelled, 
depunctata Strd. (Heights around Tatra) has no ocelli on the upperside of the hindwings, heyni Strd. has 
4 instead of the usual 3 ocelli in the band of the forewings (Heights of Tatra), a corresponding form from 
the Swiss Jura is addenda Bev. with 4—5 ocelli in the band of forewdngs, tetarstignia Strd. from the heights 
of Tatra has 4 ocelli in band of hindwings, apicalis Rev. from the Jura has a further small ocelli in the band 
of forewings just above the usual two, excedentia Vorbr. also has one more in the apex but beyond the 
forewing band (Tessin), simplex Strd. is an aberration without band on underside of hindwings, basalis Strd. 
has a pale basal spot on underside of hindwings, both the last forms from the heights of Tatra, ochracea 
Wheeler the common form with yellowish instead of grey-white dusting on underside of hindwings. These 
denominations could easily be considerably increased if one chose to name every aberration from the series 
of any larger collection. — Albinotic specimens with pale yellow or grey-yellow ground colour from the Basses 
Alpes are named by Gbertrur huebneri. Specimens from the Albula with alternate dark fuscous and pale fulvous 
banding on the underside are named virgata by Tuft. 
E. Hgea L. (9f). As Verity has proved, the name-form was described by Linne from a Scandinavian 
specimen. It differs from the widely distributed south German-alpine form, hitherto considered the name- 
form, (compare fig. 9 f and Vol. 1, plate 37 g) by its smaller size, somewhat narrower and more yellowish 
bands with smaller ocelli, that are often without pupils in the <$. On the underside of hindwings the pure 
white hook which outlines the marginal band proximally is as a rule less well developed. Close to it is the 
form of the north German and N.W. German mountains (Taunus, Eifel, Hunsrueck) and the race from the 
higher Swiss Alps (up to 21UG m) which Vorbrodt names monticola scarcely differs from it. The form from 
the southern french Alps along the entire lower reaches of the mountain chains to the Balkans and Caucasus, 
as well as from the south German and silesian central mountains, is separable from it as meridionalis Goltz 
(9 f), one of the most beautiful Erebia, of black velvety brown colouration, wide fuscous band toning into 
yellow-red in the $, ocelli almost always with clear white pupils, considerable expanse (§ up to 28 mm length 
of wings) and with finely marked underside. A specially large form from the Maritime Alps with very wide 
submarginal band, but small and sparse ocelli on upper and undersides Frithstorfer names permagna, a 
similar form with well developed rust-red bands also in the $, large white-pupilled ocelli, well developed rich 
“median band” on underside of hindwings is named earthusianorum. A medium large mountain form flying 
in the Dolomites with considerably reduced, dusky coloured bands and often without pupils in the is called 
alticola Goltz (9 1). nikostrate Fruhst. from the Ampezzo Valley is small, crossband narrow, dark, ocelli small 
in the $ usually without pupil, underside of $ less widely white banded than meridionalis. With the ex¬ 
ception of size it closely resembles alticola. — ligea is absent in Spain. —- From the Apennines have been 
named: siskia Fruhst., occurring at altitudes of 800—1300 m, medium size, distinguished by “pale rust-yellow 
crossbands on all wings and the very striking black eyespots of forewings, median band of underside of hind¬ 
wings very clear, submarginal band on underside of forewings sharply outlined. — Considerable interest is 
aroused by the northern forms from Lapland, Finland and Livonia that occur right through north Russia 
and Siberia to Japan and Sachalin. — dovrensis Strd. (9 g) often wrongly designated adyte Hbn. *) looks at 
*) The name adyte Hbn. should be ignored, as it cannot be ascertained which species or race it represents. 
