EREBIA. By H. Frhr. v. d. Goltz. 
14!) 
first glance much more similar to euryale but according to breeding experiments of Selzer and an exam¬ 
ination of the genitals and androconia it is undoubtedly a ligea. It is small (forewing length in J 20,5 mm, 
$ often less) bands are narrow dull rust-red, ocelli vary in size and number, are however generally small, 
pupils often absent or insignificant. The rust-red spots on underside of hindwing and the rich border to the 
marginal band vary considerably in development. Until the contrary is proved and in accordance with the 
author I consider euryaloides Tengstr. (9 f) *) occurring in Carelia (which is often mistaken for the euryale 
form of caeca Trti) as a ligea form. It is medium-sized, ocelli quite absent, the sharply contrasting band of 
spots on upperside of forewings stands out generally clearly from ground colour, less well developed on 
hindwings, on underside of forewings the band suffuses widely inwards, on hindwings the white-grey dusted 
band is more or less pronounced, also base can be dusted with white-grey. arctica Poppius is a dwarf 
form of euryaloides from farthest north Russia. — bryki Strd. is a finnish form, close to the Scandinavian 
name-form, but narrower band on forewings sometimes dissolved into spots and with always clearly devel¬ 
oped ocelli on hindwings. — It is questionable whether the forms from the Baltic Provinces are all covered 
by livonica Teich. — According to the researches by Jachontov kamensis Krul. belongs to ligea and not to 
euryale, it differs from the name-form only on underside of hindwings, which are almost or quite free of bands 
and only show the usual ocelli. It flies in the delta of the Kama. — uralensis Shelj. from the Urals has a 
very reduced dusky band on upperside with sparse and small ocelli without pupils, jenisseiensis Trybom. (9 g) 
may belong to ligea or euryale. The author places it with ligea, inspite of opposite views I should like to 
agree with him. jenisseiensis is not larger than a normal euryale and has similarly ocelli without pupils, the 
band which is dissolved surrounds same in rust-red rings, but it is of dark velvety ground colour with distinct¬ 
ly checked margin, clearly marked underside of hindwings with distinct white outline to the inner side of 
band. I should like to also place altaica form. nov. (0. Bang-Haas i. 1.) from the Altai to ligea. It is 
scarcely larger than jenisseiensis and in place of the ringlets round the ocelli, it has a wide obtuse rust-red 
band on both wings with large somewhat elliptical eyes without pupils. Markings on underside of hindwings 
clear, the white edge to the band is distinct, even if not so pronounced as in ajanensis Men. — Matsumura 
has established 2 new races for the far East: takasioriis from Japan and sachalinensis from the Isle of Sa- 
chalin. The former in point of size comes between altaica and ajanensis, distinguishes itself from all ligea 
races by its brilliant yellow-red bands on upper and undersides, ocelli are large with faint white pupils, 
underside very distinctly marked, sachalinensis is still larger, but the bands are dull fuscous, ocelli on hind¬ 
wings smaller, marking of underside less distinct. - Single aberrative specimens have been named: with varying 
ground colour: reisseri Schaw. from upper Austria with very dark ground colour and pale ochreous, greyish 
colouration of bands on upperside, whilst on underside the band is “almost whitish”. huebneri Oberth. also 
from Austria is remarkable by its ochreous ground colour with orange bands. - subeuryale Strd. from the 
heights of Tatra is a form corresponding with euryale in size, but with typical ligea markings on underside 
of hindwings. — basalis Strd. from the same mountains is larger and has very bright and wide bands. - 
helvetica Strd. is a single specimen from west Switzerland with striking dark red-brown narrow band dissolved 
into spots, livida Oberth. from the Tyrol has also narrow but pale flesh coloured bands, in latefasciata Osth. 
from Bavaria the bands are very wide. brevifasciata Cab. has a shorter band to forewings, in herrnenti 
Der. the band on fore and hindwings suffuses inwards ray-like. Both from Belgium. subocellaris Krul. is 
a form of russian kamensis with band dissolved into spots, subeuryaloides Krul. is a form of the same race 
without red spots on underside of hindwings. Variations of the normal placing of the ocelli: inocellata Goltz 
( = caeca Osth.) has no ocelli on all wings, biocellatoides Hartig (= reducta Osth.) from the South Tyrol has 
2 ocelli on forewings and none on hindwings, in subcaeca Schtz. hindwings are without eyespots, forewings 
normal. triocellata Strd. from the Harz Mountains has no indication of an ocellus in the 3rd space. — 
In caeca Kolisko from Carinthia the ocelli are without pupils, in nigropunctata Hartig from the South Tyrol 
the same is the case, of the 4 ocelli of forewing, 3 are elliptically elongated, the red and white markings of 
the underside are reduced, quadripunctata Hoffm. from Stvria has 4 large eyespots with white pupils on 
upperside of forewing. ocellata Strd. from Norway has 4 equally large, unusually well developed ocelli on 
forewing and they are also large and clearly developed on hindwing. 
E, disa (9 g) is a species widely distributed in the far North (Europe, Asia, America [known there 
as mancinus Dbl. <b Hew.]) which however apparently is not inclined to form local races, but on the other 
hand seems to be individually very variable in colouration of bands, development and number of ocelli, dist¬ 
inctness of markings of underside. Stichel names the form restricts with only 2 instead of the usual 4 ocelli 
on forewings, Sheldon the form addenda with 5 ocelli and obscura with small and dusky ocelli. - fuchsi Strd. 
is an aberration with ocelli on hindwings, sehultzi Strd. with white pupils in ocelli of forewings. 
*) The illustration taken from a print of a water colour painting is not quite satisfactory. The illustration in 
Vol. 1, plate 37 g is better. 
euryaloides. 
arctica. 
bryki. 
kamensis. 
uralensis- 
jenissei¬ 
ensis. 
altaica,. 
takanonis. 
sachalinen¬ 
sis. 
reisseri. 
liuebneri. 
subeuryale. 
I as at is. 
helvetica. 
livida. 
latefasciata. 
brevifascia¬ 
ta. 
herrnenti. 
subocella¬ 
ris. 
subeurya¬ 
loides. 
inocellata. 
biocellatoi¬ 
des. 
sub caeca, 
triocellata. 
caeca, 
nigropunc- 
tata. 
quadri¬ 
punctata. 
ocellata. 
disa. 
restricta. 
addenda. 
obscura. 
fuchsi. 
sehultzi. 
