Publ. 3. IV. 1930. 
MELANARGIA. By M. Gaede. 
11. Genus: Mclanargia Meig.*) 
153 
M. galathea L. (Vol. 1, p. 114). Of this species not only an innumerable number of geographic races have galathea. 
been described, but an equally larger number of single specimens named, which vary in the shade of ground 
colour, number and form of the eyespots and which are not necessarily confined to one race, even if we 
only indicate the typical locality. — nana Pionn. is a dwarf form of normal galathea. nana. 
a) Yellow Forms. 
fulvata Lowe (= franzenaui Aign .) has all markings on upper and underside of and $ buff brown, fulvata. 
Hungary. — citrina Krul. (= citrana Lamb.) Ground colour of both wings in the $ and $ on the upper and citrina. 
underside light lemon-yellow. Ukraine, Belgium. flavina nom. nov. (= flava Fritsch). An otherwise normal flavina. 
galathea with pure yellow not whitish ground colour. Everywhere. — flava Tutt has only hindwings on under- flava. 
side a lively orange-yellow (not yellow!). — ferruginea Fritsch ( = flava Linst.) has on underside of hindwings the ferruginea. 
middle and eyespot band rusty-brown, also costa of forewings both on upper and underside. Everywhere. 
flavescens Goetgeb. forewing costa creamy yellow, underneath yellow at apex. Hindwings on underside with flavescens. 
ochre-yellow marking on a cream-yellow ground without black marking. Belgium. — If eyespots also are 
absent on underside (leucomelas Esp.) and ochre-yellow marking is replaced by orange-yellow we have lutetiana lutetiana. 
Oberth. Paris. 
b) Whiter (paler) F o r m s. 
zobeli Heinr. On hindwings in typical galathea the black marginal band is narrowest between the zobcli. 
ribs 4 and 5. In this case it continues equally narrow up to costa. Eyespots of the underside thereby can be 
seen also on upperside. Berlin. mosleyi Oberth. ( = duponti Rev.) The dark middle band is almost completely mosleyi. 
absent on both wings. — minor Pionneau is identical only smaller. aperta Rbl. (= atthis Costa) (8 c). minor. 
An extreme mosleyi. On both wings only the area below the cell to the base from rib 2 is black. The same a P erta - 
applies to forewing underneath. Eyespots are normal underneath, ground colour white. Berlin. — fasciata Lamb, fasciata. 
A transition to mosleyi. The black cell spot on both wings is smaller, not conjoined with the marginal areas 
by the black ribs. Belgium. extrema Stauder combines a small galena (Vol. 1, p. 115) and a transition extrema. 
to aperta. The apical eye is absent on underside of forewings. Austria. pura Niep. More extensively white, pura. 
the white spots penetrate through to the margin. Varies underneath from galeae by complete absence of 
eyespots. Zermatt. laetepicta Stauder. Hindwings still paler than in cleanthe (Vol. 1, plate 38 d), eyespots laetepida. 
isolated similarly to larissa-adriatica (Vol. 1, plate 39 a). The black dome-like line of both wings is large. Middle 
area pale. Mecklenburg, Berlin, Austria. 
c) Darker For m s. 
nicoleti Coul. Without white marginal spots, middle band scarcely narrower white than normal. Geneva, nieoleti. 
- disjuncta Guss. At the costa of fore wings the white spot of middle band is intersected by a black streak, disjuncta. 
Agram. malmediensis Mellaerts. only differs from the races of florentina Vrty. and calabra Vrty. men- malmedien- 
tioned below when provided with a locality label (occurs in Belgium only as an aberration). — nigra-malme- n - rm 
diensis Mellaerts is a still more dark race than these southern races and therefore possibly identical with mediensis. 
quasilugens Oberth. Excessively black. The white streaks in both cells strongly stunted. The middle band of quasilu- 
forewings shortened, narrow in hindwings. Digne. — A transition to this is galaxaera Esp. All pale spots in (ja i aV acra' 
forewings very small and yellowish. Basal spots still smaller than in the form described as turcica in Vol. 1, 
plate 38 a. Carlstadt, Croatia. It is presumed that melanotica Trti. is identical with this turcica. Both from 
Carniola. nigricans Coul. (8 c) also heavily adumbrated, but the pale patches not so yellowish. Probably nigricans, 
nigrata Schroeder from Kaiserstuhl (Baden) is identical with this. — It is impossible to state whether quasi¬ 
lugens or one or the other very dusky forms is identical with turcica Bsd ., as its description is too meagre 
,,fere tota nigra“. 
d) Forms with fewer or more Eyespots on upper and undersides. 
ocellata Zus. With 3 eyespots appsaring through on the upperside of hindwings (probably those in ocellata. 
anal angle). Only with weak eyespots underneath. Austria. — epanopides Nitsche. The apical eye on forewings epanopides. 
is also visible on top (Vienna), in punctellata Cab. it is only present as a dot underneath (N. E. France), in depurscta punctellata. 
- depuncta. 
*) In regard, to this and allied families we should like to lay stress on the urgent appeal of Aubivili,ius (Vol. 13, 
p. 226) and particularly warmly recommend same to our readers, especially those who desire to describe new forms. Auri- 
villius writes: 
,,It is a well known fact that the eyespots of Satyrides and other butterflies in which such spots occur are very 
variable. If one therefore wishes to establish and name aberrations according to the presence and relative developments of the 
eyespots in a species that normally has for instance 7 eyespots, then one can burden literature in every such species with 
hundreds of names. Whether science can benefit in this way is another question which can scarcely be answered in the 
affirmative and for the renown of lepidopterists it would be much better to seek to ascertain the limits and the causes 
of these aberrations 11 . 
Supplementary Volume 1 20 
