MELANARGIA. By M. Gaede. 
155 
2 . procida Races. 
South of sakaria we find a race that is small as pygmaea and darkly marked: microprocida Vrty. 
Typical in Trentino. — East of sakaria in the Carinthian Alps to Trieste elvira Fruhst. occurs, which its author 
formerly considered the type for the procida race. “Lighter than tenebrosa ” was the whole description, 
pedemontii Vrty. from Turin, Valdieri has very differently sized and 9> the latter very black at base 
of wings, marginal band however with large white spots, otherwise similar to arogna. The procida form from 
S. France figured in Vol. 1 , j)late 38 a is named akis Fruhst. — Many races are named from the Italian 
peninsular, the northern are partly similar to galathea, the southern are quite dark procida- ( turcica ) forms. 
— florentina Vrty. is a combination of galathea and procida. Outer margin widely black with small white pat¬ 
ches. The black spots at discocellular and base as reduced as in pygmaea. A similar mixture on the underside. 
Plains of Tuscany. — The corresponding mountain form shows great variety in colour and the size varies 
markedly, 30—39 mm, $ 34 -35 mm, the greater the altitude the more they become like galathea: rnon- 
ticola Vrty. apicalis Trti. differs from florentina by its elongated white subapical spots, also occuring in 
the leucomelas form. The Apennines of Modena. — scirltis Fruhst. allies itself in spite of its southern habitat 
to florina and sakaria by the extended yellow-white areas on upperside. Also underside with less brown 
and black. Rome. — Then the adumbration proceeds further. - galinthias Fruhst. from Naples is close to 
calabra but smaller with much wider white spots and bands. In the forewings the cell is yellowish-white 
proximally. Differs from sciritis by its smallness and smaller yellow-white spots on upperside of both wings. 
Very similar to gattinara from Castile, but rather less white than same. To what extent galinthias differs 
from the typical form from the near Island Procida is not stated, probably extremely little. - exteriusocellata 
Vrty. is an occasional sub-form in which the eyespot rings almost touch the outer margin of both wings. 
Caserta, Molise. illuminata Stauder. A 9 with extended white marking. On forewings the lower cuneiform 
spot merges with the median spot. Hindwings more heavily white at base. Outer area with large white spots. 
Reminds one of lucasi Rbr. Aspromonte. — In Calabria there are 2 races. In the mountains of Aspromonte 
(1200 m) the very dark calabra Vrty. reminding one of turcica, the $ of which measures up to 57 mm. The 
bright basal marks of both wings are often almost absent, the other light spots white, not yellow, as often 
in procida forms. — A single $ bicuneata Vrty. has the spots between veins 2 —4 sharply elongated outwards. 
Remarkable to relate a form flies in the same locality, but at lower levels (700 m) which must be called a 
pale galathea and which is not yet named. — Somewhat north of S. Fili (Cosenza) calabra-procida Vrty. oc¬ 
curs. The white spots are like procida, larger than in the previous form, base just as dark, submarginal spots 
smaller than in procida. — If we now turn to the eastern forms these connect up geographically with 
elvira , but according to the dark marking with calabra ; tenebrosa Fruhst. shows the white spots very reduced 
and darkly suffused. Occasionally among it one finds very dusky specimens which correspond with Boisdtjval’s 
description of turcica “fere tota nigra”. The illustration in Vol. 1 , plate 38 a of turcica would better have 
been designated as tenebrosa. Carniola and Croatia. The forms from further East are not so dusky and cor¬ 
respond more to those of more temperate climes. — syntelia Fruhst. has a margin as widely black as procida 
but the white marking slightly extended. The paler underside reminds one somewhat of the south russian 
symaithis. Dalmatia, Bosnia. — auriconia Fruhst. (8 c) from Galicia has the trans-cellular and median spots 
of forewings larger than symaithis, the black margin of hindwings more excurved and therefore narrower. — 
Specimens from Hermannstadt and Kronstadt (Transylvania) have more extensive yellowish-white, especially 
the median band of hindwings, the dark margin of which is therefore narrower. Also on underside the white 
ground colour is predominant. We find therefore again an approach to the paler galathea: scolis Fruhst. (8 c). 
- From Rumania no form has been named, it probably varies little from the previous, as con vena Fruhst. 
from Kertsch (Crimea) is similar to it. Small, black areas on fore wings reduced. Differs from clonsa by larger 
yellowish marginal spots on hindwings. — The bulgarian form corresponds to scolis from Transylvania, 
as florina to nereus (south and north of Simplon). $ with very small black outer margin on both wings. Hind¬ 
wings especially in 9 with wide yellow-white bands. Underside same as procida: satnia Fruhst. Type from 
Slivno. - symaithis Fruhst. has basal spot on forewings not round (as in procida) but elongated towards base. 
Light median band on both wings very wide. On underside the black median and submarginal band is less 
than in procida, only the small white subapical spots on forewings still remind one of same. Seeing its nor¬ 
thern origin one cannot expect otherwise. Saratov (Volga). — donsa Fruhst. from Tiflis links it to procida. Dif¬ 
fers from symaithis by the wide black margin on both wings and smaller yellow-white marginal spots on 
hindwing. Differs from scolis by lesser black surround behind the cell on hindwing. — We close with the 
races that connect up with the north african lucasi Rbr. Already above under galinthias a transition form was 
mentioned as illuminata. eudaemonia Fruhst. from Sicily without further details. A very large form. Com¬ 
pared with algerian specimens the white discal area of both wings is more extensive and less intersected by 
black veins. On hindwings the anal area is less widely black. Underside more diffuse black. It is doubtful 
whether the form from Palermo: panormitana Vrty. differs from this. Outermargin widely black, therein small 
white spots as in procida. At disco-cellular and base black patches as reduced as in lucasi. — magnifica Stauder 
is a pale and large race that resembles lachesis in the median and marginal areas. It varies completely from 
microproci¬ 
da. 
elvira. 
pedemontii. 
ah'is. 
florentina. 
monticola. 
apicalis. 
sciritis. 
galinthias. 
exterius¬ 
ocellata. 
illuminata. 
calabra. 
bicuneata. 
calabra- 
procida. 
tenebrosa. 
syntelia. 
auriconia. 
scolis. 
convena. 
satnia. 
symaithis. 
donsa. 
eudaemo- 
magnifica 
