162 
SATYRUS. By M. Gaede. 
bataia. 
interjecta. 
maritima. 
saga. 
saga-viola- 
cea. 
deminuta. 
prieurioides 
t uraiii. 
also absent on hindwing, more rarely in The latter varies from austrian specimens by uniform grey-black 
colouration with indistinct submarginal band on underside: bataia Fruhst. — interjecta Vrty. forms a transition 
between northern and southern races by the wide band-like spots of upperside. From N. W. France; it is 
identical with specimens from the Abruzzi Mountains at higher altitudes (1200 m). — In the Maritime Alps a 
somewhat larger race occurs, darker than major Oberth. from Algiers. In the <$ the whitish crossband is dusted 
with brown and in the $ fairly widely: maritima Oberth. The form from Digne comes between the latter and 
interjecta. — South of the Alps in the Karst region we find saga Fruhst. with very wide band especially in the 
On the underside hindwings predominantly white-grey. It is different from the southern french form by this 
light underside. In saga-violacea Std. hindwing is suffused with violet. In meridionalis and major underside 
of hindwings shows distinct outline of outer band, but not in saga. Between the southern forms maritima and 
saga there is a small (northern) race deminuta Fruhst. flying on the Malser Heath (and around Florence). Under¬ 
side white-yellow. Spots of hindwings small, sharply outlined, black. — Among specimens from the Lake of 
Geneva which correspond fairly with the illustration Yol. 1, plate 42 b for meridionalis, there are occasionally 
some with grey-yellow spots in middle cell of forewing similar to prieuri (plate 42 d) but the spot is closer 
to the base: prieurioides Black. — In Italy besides the above mentioned deminuta from Florence there is still 
to be mentioned the large turatii Fruhst. from Sicily. ^ iridescent violet on upperside like saga, but in turatii 
the bands are narrower and also violet. On hindwing of $ a longish, regular, wide band. Paler on underside 
than other european races. Fore wings almost white, yellowish near margin similar to major. — I have not been 
able to find the description of an italian race emilianus Fruhst. mentioned by Statjder. — From Spain we have 
firstly the melanic mountain form pyrenaeorum Vrty. The white patches still more reduced than in bataia, but 
the pale band of the $ has a very oblique position which is characteristic of the spanish-african race. In the $ 
the eyespots are large. Underside of q and $ very dark by dark striations. Very variable in regard to size. - 
In Albarracin a small race (41 -52 mm) occurs with wide bands on upperside, hindwings underneath heavily 
dusted with white: caiaca (Fruhst. i. 1.) Zerny. Probably the same form, as also described from Albarracin, 
Verity describes as: similar to major on upperside, partly similar to 'pyrenaeorum, partly to major on underside, 
celtibcra. pale, the 2 spots on hindwings small, grey. He calls it celtibera Vrty. Both names were given in 1927. Verity 
thinks lie should alter the name major into cretus Vrty. because of briseis-janthe-major Esp. —- In Andalusia 
briseis becomes more african in size and markings, but nevertheless keeps different: subcretus Vrty., Sierra 
Nevada 1200 m. — Of the eastern forms lyrnessus Fruhst. from S. Russia resembles maritima. Bands are broader, 
yellowish-white. On underside the grey middle spot of hindwings is long and narrow, discal area grey, sub¬ 
marginal band black-grey not yellowish, therefore similar to fergana. - armena Jack, resembles maracandica 
Stgr. but it is larger. In the $ the bands are somewhat yellowish like aurata. Araxes Valley. — These aurafa 
Oberth. are a sub-form of major Oberth. from the collection of Boisduval in which all the otherwise white patches 
are coloured almost like in analoga Alph., Vol. 1, plate 42 e. In Tiflis and Elisabethpol magna Ruehl occurs, it 
is not ochreous on underside and more clearly marked. According to Jachontow one should write: magna 
Ruehl, as magna Stgr. is an i. 1. name (missing in literature reference in Vol. 1). The description is correct: similar 
to meridionalis. The wide white band of spots has a tinge of greenish yellow. Underside pale, clearly marked 
in less clearly in Armenia, Caucasus, Kuldja. The correct magna Ruehl is illustrated according to 
Jachontow as fergana in Vol. 1, plate 42 c. — fergana Stgr. is said to be like meridionalis on upperside, more 
heavily brown on underside of hindwing and at apex of fore wing. — The finest form is larnacana Oberth. (10 e) 
from Cyprus with characteristic underside. Markings of hindwings clear. Spot in middle of costa not reaching 
to the cell. It forms an arc and unites with the lower one. The white patches on hindwing with a tinge of 
orange-brown. 
S. heydenreichi Led. (Vol. 1, p. 124). Here we have to incorporate the form hegesander Fruhst. from 
Thianshan as palaearctic, which is described in Vol: 9 (Indo-Australica) p. 308. The white middle bands are 
double as wide as in the type. Underside yellow mottled. 
S. prieuri Pier. (Vol. 1, p. 125). - iberica Oberth. from Albarracin is certainly different by its somewhat 
paler underside from the illustration Vol. 1, plate 42 d, e. funiosa Schaw. Upper and underside much darker 
smoke-brown than uhagonis Oberth. Albarracin. The race from Tangiers is larger and not yet denominated. 
pyrenaeo¬ 
rum. 
caiaca. 
subcretus. 
lyrnessus. 
armena. 
aurata. 
larnacana. 
lieyden- 
reichi. 
hegesander. 
prieuri. 
iberica. 
fumosa. 
semele. S. semeie L. (Vol. 1, p. 125). According to Fruhstoreer the typical race is the german, according to 
iristis. Verity the Swedish. The latter also bears the name tristis Wahlgr. as it varies from the original description. 
It is small. The yellow patches very pale, straw yellow in the $. Ground colour of $ suffused with grey, eyespots 
without pupils. The lower eyespot on forewing and the one on hindwing either small or missing. Underneath 
the forewings are paler, hindwings less sprinkled with white. 40—44 mm. Oeland, Gothland. Similar to it is 
aelloides. aelloides Nordstr. and Bryh (10 c). On hindwings the upper eyespot is absent, underside striated overall, without 
scola. pale band. A few specimens ($) near Stockholm. — Also the Scottish seota Vrty. is as small. Upperside also 
pale, pale colouration extensive. Underside of hindwings very dark and almost without white crossband. 
angliae. Nothing is said regarding the eyespots. N. Scotland. — 3 races are mentioned from England: angliae Vrty: in 
anglorum. size and markings between seota and the east prussian jubaris; and angloruni Vrty. smaller than semele, under - 
bipicta. s i c (e generally darker. — bipicta Vrty. is also small. On hindwing the band-like spots are intersected longitud- 
