SATYRUS. By M. Gaede. 
inally by narrow brown streaks. The inner half of the band is pale, often almost whitish, the outer half reddish- 
brown, sometimes the band is intersected by the veins. jubaris Fruhst. has pale ochre-yellow bands on both 
wings. Underside of hindwings very pale with faint network of dark lines. Typical of East Prussia. pellucida 
Std. Similar to (not yet named) S. E. Russian specimens. Ground colour paler brown. Bands still paler than in 
jubaris. On the relatively light hindwing the distinct white middle band of the underside reflects through. 
Underside paler, outer area of forewing much paler than basal area. Hindwings with fairly equally wide white 
middle band, similar to forms from the Tyrol. Transcaucasia. Specimens from the Pungeler Collection from 
Lydia and Askabad are best placed here. cadmus Fruhst. The form from Southern Switzerland and the South 
Tyrol is large and dark. The light spots on hindwings fairly narrow and red-brown. Underside considerably 
darker and more unicoloured than german specimens. — The north tyrolian form polydorus Std. is darker, almost 
unicoloured brown-black, a little ochre-brown being left on forewings between eyespots. The pale patches 
on hindwing short and wide, sharply edged with black proximally. Also the $ is darker than cadmus Under¬ 
side of hindwings is deep black-brown, the pale middle band heavily intermixed with brown-yellow. Innsbruck. 
tenebrosa Std. is a cadmus form with somewhat darkly dusted pale band. Istria. - teres Fruhst. from Digne 
has all spots on upperside pale ochreous. On underside of hindwings the white band is wide as in specimens 
from Sicily and Algiers. Both Spanish races vary little from semele. In subcinericea Rbb. the upperside of 
both wings is darker. The pale bands appear only as patches near the eyespots or quite absent. Particularly 
the upperwings iridescent grey silvery. In the <$ androconia spot prominent. Underside very brightly coloured, 
similar to the german semele. Andalusia. — hibera Vrty. forms a transition between the french semele and 
mersina Stdgr. from Asia Minor according to Zerny very similar to former. S. Spain. — Some italian races are 
very dark on upperside, faintly marked. peninsulitaiiae Vrty. The red-yellow spots on forewing almost absent, 
faint on hindwing of G, wide clear marks in Hindwings varying from those of cadmus by more meagre dark 
network, ground colour lighter, tinged with pale grey. Pale specimens approach teres. Florence, 600 m. 
blachieroides Std. is a dark dusky mountain race. Aspromonte. rautheri Krausse is possibly not different 
from peninsulitaliae. On upperside unicoloured dark only slightly lighter between the eyespots, the lower one 
of which is very small. Therefore very different from aristaeus. Gennargentu, Sardinia. — To the 2nd group 
belong: apenninigena Vrty. Very small, ground colour and band similar to typical semele , also in width, eyespots 
large. Underside: hindwings pale similar to teres. Monti Sibillini in higher altitudes. — neapolitana Std. 
Transition to aristaeus with paler ochre-brown bands. Naples. — From Sicily only 2 races are described which 
vary slightly from algirica Oberih. : — siciliana Oberth. (10 c) <$ very variable, some specimens similar to aristaeus 
from Corsica, $ larger and finer than algirica, in it however the light patches in the shade of aristaeus $ are 
much more extensive. — blachieri Fruhst. $ darker than algirica on upperside. Underside of hindwings dark 
brown instead of pale grey. Idle latter characteristic is only partly correct according to the collection of 
Pungeler. Sicily. — cretica Rbl. somewhat larger than the similar blachieri. Spots reddish-yellow, clearly 
outlined not merged as in aristaeus. Underside of hindwings of the $ dark brown with sharp white middle band, 
paler in the §. Forewings less bright than in blachieri. Crete. — pallidalgerica Vrty. This Lambese form is quite 
different from the neighbouring algirica from Sebdou and Geryville. The red-yellow colour is so dusky and little 
extensive that many a $ scarcely looks different than jubaris from Germany. senthes Fruhst. is large but 
poorer in marking. In the $ the band of both wings pale ochreous, narrow on hindwing. Underside of hindwing 
somewhat darker than in teres from S. France, middle band equally wide. Not very pronounced according to 
the single specimen in Pung leer’s Collection. From Greece. — symmetrica Erf. is an aberration of the veins. 
Besides there is a form named praeustralis Vrty. oi which I have not been able to find the description, 
fulvina Gab. has a large yellow-red spot in the inner area of the forewing. — mellaertsi Derenne has the hindwings 
so heavily marked with black, that the mottled effect has quite disappeared. Bryk states that the fertile $ 
has a sphragis. 
jubaris. 
pellucida. 
cadmus. 
■polydorus. 
tenebrosa. 
teres. 
subcineri¬ 
cea. 
hibera. 
peninsuli- 
taliac. 
blachiero¬ 
ides. 
rautheri. 
apennini¬ 
gena. 
neapolita¬ 
na. 
siciliana. 
blachieri. 
cretica. 
pallidalge¬ 
rica. 
senthes. 
fulvina. 
mellaertsi. 
S. autonoe Esp. (Vol. 1, p. 126). The form ochromenus Fruhst. in Vol. 9 belongs here. Larger. Wings autonoe. 
paler as in alcyone, yellowish round the eyespots also in the J. Underside diffuse pale grey. $ very large with orcftomem < s - 
pale yellow band before the margin on both wings. Thianshan. 
S. euxina Kusn. (10 e). Similar to hippolyte Esp. (Vol. 1, p. 126). The ground colour of upperside euxina. 
a richer brown: band orange yellow contrasting sharply, more straightly edged. The band on underside of 
hindwings deeper black. Crimea. 
S. arethusa Esp. (Vol. 1, p. 126). The occurrence of this species in Germany is limited to the south- arethusa. 
western regions and no form has been named from there. In Lower Austria a is occasionally found in which 
the pale marginal border is almost wider than in the $ belonging thereto: latefasciata Zus. — On the other latefasciata. 
hand a $ has been described from Hungary in which on the upperside the red yellow band of spots is quite 
absent, only the black apical eyespot is present without a surround: unicolor Rbl. — Still poorer in marking 
is albina Oberth., a grey-white bleached sick looking specimen from Evreux. - The newly described french 
forms all have a paler band. In variegata Vrty. it is*yellow and wider. On the underside of the hindwings paler 
with less compact dark mottling. The white band in the middle is wide and a further faint one nearer the base. 
Paris. gamda Fruhst. similar to the south french dentata Stdgr. with wide pale yellow band on both wings, ganda. 
unicolor. 
albina. 
variegata. 
