168 
PARARGE. By M. Gaede. 
aigoualen- 
sis. 
monoculus. 
dry as. 
totacaeca. 
brunnickii. 
exoculata. 
caeca. 
hamadryas. 
tripuncfata. 
conirarius. 
armilla. 
juUanus. 
aural a. 
kurilensis. 
aegeria. 
megei. 
albescens. 
kerteszi. 
schmidti. 
saturatior. 
punctata. 
diluta. 
fortunata. 
dilutior. 
vulgaris. 
aestivalis. 
pallida. 
egestas. 
camoena. 
elegantia. 
italica. 
atavica. 
infrani- 
grans. 
climene. 
valentinae. 
tkatshulcovi. 
alticola. 
however only 2 blind eyespots. Marseilles. In the Cevennes the white marking is absent on underside. In its 
place there are dense dark striations as in cordula-orientalpium: aigoualensis Foulq. It would probably be 
correct to speak of a small orientalpium form and not of an actaea race. - monoculus Fruhst. is closely similar 
to parthica Led. $ forewings iridescent red-brown, the single apical eyespot with wide yellow surround. Hind- 
wings unicolourous black-brown. Underside of both wings with heavy submarginal band. Hindwings with faint 
white middle band. According to Vol. 9, p. 307 this form is identical with pimpla Fid. Kashmir. 
S. dryas Scop. (Vol. 1, p. 132, pi. 44 f). Numerous specimens with variations of eyespots have been 
named. totacaeca nom. nov. (= caeca Osth.). Forewings on upper and underside without eyespots: brunnickii 
Schille upperside without eyespots, underside one eyespot: exoculata Std. upperside without eyespots: caeca 
Schaw. with black eyespots without blue centre: hamadryas Did. Eyespots with pale brown iris, also occurring 
in the race drymeia Fruhst.: tripunctata Neubg. (= ocellata Aign.) on upperside above the second eyespot a 
further smaller supernumerary eyespot: in contrarius Neubg. the additional eyespot is under the normal eyespot, 
which also occurs in the olcumi race. — The race armilla Fruhst. is distinguishable by the large size of the blue 
eyespots, resembling therein tassilo Fruhst. and drymeia Fruhst. On underside of forewings the yellow ringlets 
round the eyespots are very large and touch one another. Stubai Valley. julianus Std. is very dark and as 
large as olcumi Fruhst., also the eyespots are very large and the middle band of hindwings is pale on underside, 
the undulating outermargin of fore wings is a further variation. Gorizia. — aurata Oberth. is also similar to 
olcumi : on upperside all 3 eyespots have yellow surrounds, the $ are paler. Underside of forewings golden brown, 
hindwings pale brown. The latter with 3 normal undulating lines and small black striations. Pale whitish 
behind the middle line. Szechuan. kurilensis Mats. Similar to bipunctatus Motsch. Varies through smaller 
ocelli on forewings, besides which the dark submarginal band is absent. On underside forewing only varies 
by absence of this band. Hindwings with wide dark middle band, which is edged with diffuse white distally, 
especially on costa and inner margin. Submarginal band indistinct towards anal angle, the white border is 
absent. Kurilia. 
14. Genus : l*ararge Iibn. 
P. aegeria L. (Vol. 1, p. 133). The following names have been given to albinotic specimens of the 
form egerides Stgr. (= polonica Priiff.): megei Oberth.., albescens Oberth. and kerteszi Dzul. - schmidti Dzid. 
( = marginata Guss., eutaeniata Debauche) has the yellow spots merging, so that ground colour is repressed, 
saturatior Grombr. is darker, as the yellow spots above the anal angle are absent on forewings. The light band 
on hindwings is quite extinct. - punctata Guss. has a further 4th eyespot dot on upperside at top of hindwing. 
Specimens with a further eyespot in the anal angle have not yet been named. diluta Bub. is a variety of 
aegeria L., that corresponds to schmidti. ----- fortunata Fruhst. from the Canary Isles is almost certainly —xiphioides 
Stgr. — A pale specimen of xiphia F. is named dilutior Schultz. — Typical egerides Stgr., that according to 
Verity should be named vulgaris Z. occur in Germany. Not only have they yellow spots against the red-yellow 
of aegeria, but the wings are also less scalloped, the brown ground colour is more extensive, especially on the 
forewing between the eyespot and outermargin. The first generation is deemed to be typical. — aestivalis 
Fruhst. (= helena Haim.) is the summer form, the light patches are reduced, the whole wing suffused with black. 
— In pallida Vrty. the light patches are yellowish white, often somewhat greenish. England; in Ireland they 
can be almost white. The mountain forms differ little from the German form: egestas Fruhst. from Dalmatia 
is small, dark and poorer in pale yellow patches, camoena Fruhst. from the South Tyrol is a transition to these 
german specimens. - elegantia Fruhst. from the Lake of Geneva differs from camoena by more elongated spots 
in the $. — italica Vrty. approaches aegeria in regard to colouration by its more reddish spots, which are also 
larger in the The underside is more glossy having more green and red-violet intermixed. Occurs throughout 
North Italy and is typical around Florence. Among these are specimens which exactly represent Fruhstorfer’s 
3 forms but which have been named elegantiae-, camoenae-, egestasiformis Vrty. Somewhat more purposeful 
may be the designation of the italica specimens with extensive yellow-red markings, which is said to indicate 
similarity to m.egera $: atavica Vrty., and specimens with dusky grey on both sides are named infranigrans I Gty. 
The name intermedia Weism. (Vol. 1, plate 45 a) is unnecessarily altered by Verity into intermedia Buhl. — 
sardoa Vrty. the author himself describes as only a slight variation from aegeria. The 3 generations of this 
species in Italy have not yet been separately named. 
P. climene Esp. (Vol. 1, p. 134, pi. 45 c). valentinae Miller comes in point of adumbration between 
climene and roxandra H.-Schdfj. Sometimes with pale patches on hindwing upperside. Underside of hindwings 
paler yellowish than climene and much paler than roxandra without white middle spot. South Transcaucasia. 
tkatshukovi Shelj. Smaller than valentina. Middle area brighter red-yellow, reduced towards the apex, but 
ground colour somewhat darker. Hindwings generally unicolourous black-brown with 2—3 black dots. Under¬ 
side of hindwings still paler than valentinae, somewhat yellow-grey, eyespots small. Turkish Armenia, 
alticola Le Gerf has the pale median area of forewings reduced, but it is paler. Hindwings unicolourous. No 
eyespots on underside on either wings. North Persia. 1400 m. 
