Publ. 2. VII. 1930. 
PARARGE. By M. Gaede. 
169 
P. eversmanni Ev. (Vol. 1, p. 134, pi. 45 c). lugens Niep. is a $ with very wide black margin on both wings eversmanni. 
so that apical eyespot of forewings disappears. White marking on underside of hindwings absent. Naryn. lugens. 
P. megera L. (Vol. 1, p. 134, pi. 45 d). A single specimen is named: tranfuscata Cab. Both middle bands megera. 
on upperside of forewings very dark forming a single wide band. — A pale specimen was first named albescens 
Crombr., pallescens Oberth. and bradanfeldi Blackie are probably identical. dentata Crombr. The reddish middle dentata. 
area on upperside of forewings dentate outwardly, hindwings slightly darker. — eutaeniata Debauche. The pale eutaeniata. 
yellow submarginal band on upperside of forewings not interrupted. Anal angle of hindwings paler grey-white. 
— alberti Oberth. has 2 large and 2 small eyespots on forewings, triocellata Salzl is about the same. - furialis Schultz albeiti. 
has apical eyespot of forewings reduced to half, on hindwings only 2 black dots instead of eyespots. melania Oberth. 
( = lugens Oberth., reducta Hofer ) belongs to the group of mediolugens Fuchs, being diffuse specimens. — minor minor. 
Guss. belongs to lyssa Bsd., a dwarf form with dark hindwings. — pallida Gu,ss. has a reddish-white pale ground 'pallida. 
colour, hermini Hirschke has only one extra eyespot on forewings, croesus Std. has 4 — 6. — The only variation croesus. 
of tigelius Bon. is triopes Mussch. corresponding to megera-alberti. — Verity claims that megera varies little triopes. 
but establishes 6 geographical groups and besides, names the separate generations. 1.) megera L. from North 
and Central Europe. The 2nd generation filipluma Ball has more pointed androconia, the large red-brown filipluma. 
mark and the apical eyespot are not intersected by the ribs. Described from Belgium. The sub-race Caledonia Caledonia. 
Vrty. is the same as mediolugens Fuchs on upperside; on underside of forewings the dark lines are black, 
hindwings are very dark grey instead of brown. It occurs in temperate moist climates, North Scotland. 
The name scota Vrty. appears to be superfluous. The sub-race alticola Vrty. has very reduced dark markings, alticola. 
The red-yellow ground is much paler, eyespots somewhat smaller. In warm dry climates, Maritime Alps. 
2. ) vividior Vrty. From North Italy, South France, Spain in the 2nd and 3rd generations. “Related to vividior. 
filipluma”. Very large specimens of these from the South Tyrol are denominated as grandescens Vrty. Specimens grandescens. 
from Lectoure, South France having inclination to increase the number of eyespots are called ocellatior Vrty. ocellatior. 
3. ) vividissima Vrty. From South Spain and North Africa in the 2nd and 3rd generations. The largest of all vividissima. 
races, uppersides most beautifully marked, especially the $$. The dark marking is finer than in vividior-, the 
black is often admixed with nut-brown: castaneopicta Vrty., which also occurs in the race paeninsulitalica. castanco- 
Here also the 1st generation is identical with megera. Single specimens have a more reddish tone to hindwings, picta. 
the dark marking is paler, the eyespots small: inf rapallens Vrty. depulverata Fruhst. represents the summer form infrapal- 
from Algeria. Ground colour somewhat paler on upperside than in specimens from Spain. The black band on 
underside of forewings is narrower. Underside of hindwings yellowish without grey dusting. — pseudoadrasta pseudoad- 
Std. from South Algiers differs from depulverata by the grey underside of hindwings. 4.) praeaustralis Vrty. 
occurs throughout the italian peninsular. The underside of hindwings of these in the 1st generation corresponds 
precisely with that of the 2nd generation in North Europe, but the ground colour is more silver white instead 
of yellow. The upperside has a warmer tone of red-yellow, the black marking is reduced, base of wings with 
brighter and more red-yellow. Typical of Florence. The 2nd and 3rd generations are smaller: paeninsulitalica Vrty. 
A sub-form tigeliiformis Vrty. is similar to tigelius Bon. owing to the absence of the dark stripe on upperside of 
hindwing between the cell and eyespots. No particulars are given of differences between these. In hot localities in 
Tuscany the forewings are somewhat more pointed: porrecta Vrty. 5.) lyssa libn. from the Balkans and Asia porrecta 
Minor. Fortunately the generations have not yet been denominated. The only sub-form emilyssa Vrty. is a emilyssa. 
typical megera on upperside, but like lyssa on underside. Asia Minor. 6.) australis Z. from Sicily and perhaps australis. 
also from Asia Minor. This is the 1st generation, the other 2 are named tigelyssa Vrty. therefore forming an tigelys.sa. 
intermediary form. Here we have the sub-race tigelius Bon. The 1st generation of it tigellina Vrty. shows less tigellina. 
reduced dark markings on upperside. australis named by Verity can scarcely be different from tigelius 
(Vol. 1, plate 45 d). — festai Trti. is larger than tigelius, the same as megera on upperside. Margin of both wings festal. 
more widely brown, without pale dividing line therein and somewhat wider at inner angle of forewings. The 
base of hindwings with less yellow and therefore darker. Underside of hindwings orange-yellow, dusted with 
ash-grey at base, similarly middle band and antemarginal zone. Eyespots small. Cyrenaica. intermedia intermedia. 
Musch. is similar to megera and tigelius and therefore not much different from festai. Balearic Islands. iranica iranica. 
Riley stands isolated, it is similar to a small transcaspica with dark underside. Persia. transcaspica Stgr. transcaspi- 
has reduced red-yellow marking as compared with megera, dark ground colour paler, more extensive especially 
on hindwings. Hindwings paler yellowish on underside. Thian-Shan. Besides we have the following super¬ 
fluous names of Verity: infracanens, infratersa, luteafilipluma, luteavividior, luteavividissima, pallidepulverata, 
tigeliclara ; these are mostly for north african forms. As the names indicate these are only intermediate forms. 
P. hiera F. (Vol. 1, p. 135). Verity has ascertained that hiera actually should be called ominata Krul. hiera. 
( = finmarchica Neiib., Vol. 1, p. 135, huenei Hirschke) (11 g). This view is not likely to find universal recognition. 
Through this, a name would be free for the alpine race which is named parvalpestris Vrty. — In pseudomaera 
Zus. the dark line posterior to the middle, is absent on the upperside of hindwings. pallescens Oberth. denominates 
an albinotic specimen, hieroides Schultz has the apical eyespot of forewings reduced by half, schultzi Schmidt Meroides. 
( = alberti Oberth., trinoculata Wheel.) has an additional eyespot on forewings. Forms with still more eyespots schulLl - 
have not yet been denominated. - calidia Fruhst. from Saleve near Geneva is similar to ominata, larger than calidia. 
specimens from Tyrol and the Valais. The ocelli have striking bright ochre-yellow rings on very dark grey 
Supplementband 1 
rasta. 
praeaustra¬ 
lis. 
paeninsuli¬ 
talica. 
tigeliif or¬ 
mis. 
pseudomae¬ 
ra. 
99 
