APHANTOPUS; EPINEPHELE. By M. Gaede. 
171 
vindo- 
bonensis. 
deidamia. 
■sachalinen- 
sis. 
inter rupta. 
thyria. 
schrenckii. 
menalcas. 
damontas. 
and eyespots therein small. - vindobonensis Kammel has only 3 ocelli owing to confluence of spots on forewings. 
P. deidamia Ev. (Vol. 1, p. 136). sachalinensis Mats, has larger eyespots on both wings. The oblique 
streaks on forewings are always yellow instead of white. (According to the Pungeler Collection they are 
already somewhat yellowish in Shantung.) Body and wings dark. In $ apical eyespot has a wide yellow ring, in 
£ eyespots on hindwings similarly. — interrupta Fruhst. from Japan differs on underside from typical Amur 
specimens. Light band of forewings interrupted before the eyespots, being almost entirely absent on hindwings. 
(According to the Pungeler Collection it is only interrupted there.) — insularum Scriba also from Japan is 
probably the same. — thyria Fruhst. has somewhat rounded forewings with larger apical eyespot. Tsingtao. 
P. schrenkii Men. (in Vol. 1 under Lethe). Typical from Amur. — menalcas Fruhst. has a straight grey 
black submarginal band on underside of forewings. On underside of hindwings the eyespots have paler 
surrounds. North Japan. - damontas Fruhst. is darker on upperside. The eyespots on underside of hindwings 
are situate in a monotonous grey ground colour. A grey-violet band in front of the margin. Szechuan. 
15. Genus: Apliaittopus Wallgr. 
A. hyperantus L. (Vol. 1, p. 137, plate 66 a). In pallens Schtz. the ground colour is paler brown-yellow, hyperantus. 
semialbescens Tutt no doubt applies to the same variation. — arcuata Zus. has a dark undulate line behind the P aUens - 
x ClTCUCltCl. 
middle on underside of both wings and besides a triple dark marginal line on hindwings. lanceolata Shipp with 
elongated eyespots has been named again as elongata Mussch. An investigation of the fauna from Marburg a. L. 
has brought about the following names: hyperantoides Strd., hyperantella Strd., hyperantana Strd., hyperantoidana 
Strd., pseudohyperantus Strd., marpurgensis Strd., all with reduced number of eyespots on one or both wings on 
upper or undersides. Richly marked specimens have fallen a victim to Stauder: liyperophthalma Std. has 3 
eyespots with white pupils on upperside, supernumeraria Std. has a 4th eyespot on underside of hindwings (but 
normal specimens have even 5!). No description was available of languescens Gab. To the inversely more 
poorly marked forms belongs obsoleta Tutt ; it is an extreme caeca Fuchs, without a trace of eyespots. — Typical 
hyperantus are from Finland. Identical with these are specimens from Koenigsberg, Bavaria and North Hungary 
according to Fruhstorfer. Only further south we find variations. — rufilius Fruhst. is larger, reddish on under- rufilius. 
side instead of grey-brown. South Tyrol. — maxima Vrty. will probably not be much different. As large as maxima, 
ocellatus Btler. from East Asia with smaller eyespots, lighter than northern specimens. Turin. — luti Evans luti. 
shows more variation. It is similar to ocellatus but paler on underside, especially on hindwings, where the veins 
are white and the number of eyespots is increased. Thibet. 
A. sajanus O. B.-H. Eyespots with wider black and yellow than in hyperantus with fine white pupils, sajanus. 
On the forewings the two lower of the 3 eyespots are merged. The middle eyespot on hindwings is the largest. 
On underside the eyespots are situate in a wide yellow band, which is only occasionally indicated on hindwings 
of hyperantus. On costa of hindwings a further large and small eyespot on underside. $ 38 mm. Sajan. 
16. Genus: l^pluepliele Hbn. 
E. pasiphae Esp. (Vol. 1, p. 138, plate 46 b, c). Specimens with a supernumerary eyespot on forewing 
have been named dosmanchas Rbb., in morena Rbb. the white pupil is absent from the apical eyespot. 
amyclas Fruhst. has smaller eyespots on upperside of hindwings, on underside of hindwings the middle band is 
narrower and darker. A dry season form from Castile. — pardilloi Sag. has a wider brown band on the upperside 
in the than in typical specimens from South France. The $ has narrower wings. Barcelona. taurina Oberth. 
(11 e) is similar on upperside to philippina Aust., from Morocco. On underside however the light band of the 
hindwings is wider, instead of being narrow and dark. Algeria. A $ of this with further 2 small eyespots below 
the apical eyespot is called multiocellata Oberth. 
E. ida Esp. (Vol. 1, p. 138, plate 46 c). albuferensis Kheil denominates a Spanish $ with white ground 
colour. In dosojos Rbb. there is, generally only on underside, a further punctiform eyespot besides the white bi- 
pupilled eyespot on forewings. — niarcia Fruhst. occurs at the same time as tithonus. Hindwings are much 
lighter grey underneath with many white and a few brown scales, differing from specimens from Castile. 
Andalusia. — neapolitana Oberth. (= arminii Std.) (11 e) is large, hindwings less scalloped, dark marginal band 
narrow. The apical eyespot of fore wing has not a double white pupil. In the $ the marginal band is still 
narrower, the apical eyespot small, otherwise normal. Underside of hindwing of <$ darker. Specimens from 
Algiers are similar. Naples. - trinacriae Std. Underside of hindwings is more densely suffused with white than 
in neapolitana. The middle light traverse band is widely white, the otherwise brownish base is white-grey. Also 
forewings light on underside. Apical eyespot with white-yellow surround, before which there is a light traverse 
band, outer margin mouse-grey. Sicily. - In cyrenaica Rothsch. the androconia mark is reduced to narrow 
striations. Hindwings are dark brown on underside and not grey, the white middle band is as wide as in 
pasiphae. Cyrenaica. - subalbida Vrty. has a yellow-white ground colour. 
E. tithonus L. (Vol. 1, p. 138, plate 46 d). semiobscura Hosp. has quite normal forewings on upperside, 
hindwings quite adumbrated. Anal eyespot only retained as a white dot. - - In obscurior Schtz. the forewings 
are dark from the base to the androconia stripe, the light band on hindwings is narrow. Inversely in 
pasiphae. 
dosmanchas. 
morena. 
amyclas. 
pardilloi. 
taurina. 
ida. 
albuferen¬ 
sis. 
dosojos. 
marcia. 
neapolita¬ 
na. 
trinacriae. 
cyrenaica. 
subalbida. 
tithonus. 
semiobscu¬ 
ra. 
obscurior. 
