174 
COENONYMPHA. By M. Gaede. 
magnobscu- 
ra. 
degener. 
analarnpra. 
anacausia. 
megalopli- 
thalma. 
macroph- 
thalma. 
najera. 
nikokles. 
salona. 
centralis. 
captus. 
catictera. 
cypriaca. 
unipuncta- 
ta. 
iranscau- 
casica. 
margelani- 
ca. 
nivellei. 
icagneri. 
schmidli. 
davendra, 
chitralica. 
oedippus. 
albina. 
leucotaenia. 
deplumbea. 
gelini. 
ocellaia. 
ocellaris. 
monticola. 
ornatissima 
mariae. 
pedemon- 
tana. 
hungarica. 
magna. 
hero. 
lieroia. 
heromorpha 
coreana. 
on bright grey ground, bestrewn with white scales, more glossy than in all other races. on upperside corresponds 
with pavonia Voelsch., in $ ocelli generally less large. Serra de Estrella, Portugal. - - magnobscura Vrty. Similar 
to the moravian race. Colours darker than in typical form from Berlin and Halle, underneath black lines wider 
on both wings. Bormio. degener Vrty. from Zermatt is said to be entirely different from ephisius, small, faintly 
scaled, lighter on upper and undersides. — analampra Trti. (lie) often has only the apical eyespot on forewings, 
whilst catalampra Stgr. always has 2. PTnderside brightly and distinctly marked. Majella. — anacausta Trti. very 
diffuse on upper and undersides, pale patches ochre-yellow and not reddish-yellow. Sicily and Algiers at considerable 
altitudes (1200 m). megalophthalnia Std. from Trieste similar to anacausta but with large eyespots on forewings. 
A race also occurs in Castile and Andalusia with large eyespots: macrophthalma Fruhst. Underside of hindwings 
like lupinus on account of the pale middle band. Among all forms there are specimens that can be denominated as 
biocellata Bag. or triocellata Trti. — We turn now to the group or species rhamnusia. It is only represented in Spain 
by najera Fruhst. ( ~ celtibera Sag.). Larger than lupinus, also the black eyespots larger, forewings almost without 
pale area (similar to mauritanica Oberth.). Andalusia and Castile. nikokles Fruhst. Larger than lycaon from 
the northern slopes of the Alps, wings dark on upper and undersides. Southern slopes of Simplon. — salona 
Fruhst., closely resembling intermedia, darker and smaller than the south russian lycaon, larger than the 
hungarian. Bosnia. — Very many new races are described from the Orient: centralis Riley is a small intermedia 
Stgr. but more grey, especially the upperside of $ very dark with little orange. Underside of hindwings more 
unicolourous, the band generally absent. Mesopotamia and W. Persia. Specimens from Asia Minor range between 
intermedia and centralis. They are larger than the latter, hindwings dark on underside; captus Riley, from 
Amasia, Brussa. — catictera Trti. (lie) is generally similar to intermedia but the underside of forewings 
much paler yellow, apex and the entire hindwing yellow-grey, not greenish-brown. It is only browner at the 
margin and before the middle line. Zeitun. — cypriaca Riley very dark on upper and undersides. Wherever 
the $ still retains yellow patches they are very dark, only mauritanica Oberth. is still darker on upperside. — 
Cyprus. Of the neighbouring libanotica Stgr. one aberration, unipunctata Culot has been named. - transcaucasica 
Jack, differs from lanata Alph. by deeper red-yellow on underside of forewings. They are not dark brown. Hind¬ 
wings grey, dusted with brown-black on underside with indistinct white band. — margelanica Trti. like lupinus ; 
larger, apex of forewings less acute, more angular at inner angle, hindwings distinctly scalloped. In <$ androconia 
spot very large. and $ more yellowish in disc. In $ yellow band indicated on upperside of hindwing. Turkestan. 
E. nivellei Oberth. (= maroccana Blach.). (11 e). Described as a lycaon form. The <$ similar to dysdora 
Led. on forewing, but no pale patch within the marginal band. Indistinctly paler behind the cell on hindwings. 
Androconia weakly developed. Similar to the Italian lycaon on underside. Apical eyespot can be double. In 
the paler $ the outer band is wider than is normal in lycaon, distally it is not compressed in the middle. Morocco. 
E. wagneri H.-Schdff. (Vol. 1, p. 142, plate 47 f). schmidti 0. B.-H. is similar to mandane Roll, on 
upperside. The 3 large scallops still more pronounced. Underside marked with more white. A wide white 
marginal band on hindwings. Bushir. — E. davendra Moore (Vol. 1, p. 142, plate 47 g). — chitralica Ev. has a 
narrow and short androconia spot, uniting up therefore brevistigma Mr. and tenuistigma Mr. The ocelli on under¬ 
side of hindwings are variable, there is often a supernumerary eyespot above rib 6. Chitral. 
17. Genus: lloenonyinplia Hbn. 
C. oedippus F. (Vol. 1, p. 143, plate 48 a), albina Oberth. is bleached a pale grey-yellow on upper and 
undersides; leucotaenia- $ Hirschke has a whitish ochre-yellow border only on underside of both wings before the 
metallic line; in deplumbea- $ Hirschke the metallic line is absent on underside of both wings and the silvery 
pupil of the eyespots; gelini Oberth. (Ilf) has eyespots without the light centre; ocellata Hirschke (= lucasi Gel.) 
has up to 4 distinct eyespots with silver white pupils on upperside of hindwings; ocellaris Gel. has also 4 eyespots 
on upper and underside of forewings. -— The following races are named: monticola Kol., small, upperside brown- 
black, underside dark rusty brown, eyespots with faint yellow surrounds. South Tyrol. — ornatissima Std. 
is similar to miris Ruhl. On underside of forewings 4—6 eyespots, on hindwings 6 eyespots, mostly with white 
pupils and as large as in annulifer Btlr. from Japan (Vol. 1, plate 48 a). Gorizia. — mariae Rocci is the largest 
european race. It is as dark as monticola on upperside. There are 2—4 eyespots on underside of forewings and 
6—7 on hindwings. The latter large with heavy black surrounds touching one another, those on forewings small 
with distinct yellow surrounds and without white pupils. White band on hindwings heavily developed on under¬ 
side of 34—44 mm. Central Lombardy. — pedemontana Rocci from Vienna has colouration of typical specimens 
on upperside, on underside rather paler. Eyespots almost always absent on underside of forewings, on hindwings 
5—6 large eyespots. Somewhat smaller than mariae, 32—38 mm. Turin. hungarica Aign. no eyespots also 
on underside of forewings, on hindwings uppermost eyespot small. Hungary. — magna Ruhl is an annulifer with 
a paler upperside, eyespots reflect through on upperside from underside. Mongolia. 
C. hero L. (Vol. 1, p. 143, plate 48 b). Only a few aberrative specimens of this species have been named: 
herota Strd. has upperside of forewings more greyish, 4 diffuse eyespots on hindwings, also underside somewhat 
. paler, heromorpha Strd. has an eyespot on upper and underside each in areas 2 and 5 of fore wing, coreana Mats. 
is a perseis or neoperseis-<$ with only 3 eyespots on hindwings instead of 4 (but actually on underside there are 
up to 7 eyespots, on the other hand however in specimens from Amur generally only 3 on upperside), marmorata 
