COENONYMPHA. By M. Gaede. 
175 
Osth. is not described, euryleuca Schaiv. is as dark on upperside as the european hero and in amurensis Ruhl., 
white band on underside is wide. Even if the latter is not mentioned in amurensis, nevertheless euryleuca is probably 
identical. In pilwoilis Mats., a much smaller subspecies from N. Sachalin (whilst in the south of this island typical 
perseis still occur), there is never an ocellus in the 5th space in and hindwing ocelli are considerably smaller 
than in perseis. — latifasciata Mats, has a wide pale band on underside of both wings; Sachalin. 
C. myops Stgr. (Vol. 1, p. 143). macmahoni Swh. has the apical eyespot as large as tekkensis Stgr. 
(Vol. 1, plate 48 b) but it is still darker than typical myops. The species does not fit in very well with the 
Genus Coenonympha on account of its appearance, but it does not fit in either with Erebia as the genitals vary 
and therefore the name of Lyela Swh. has been established for it. 
C. leander Esp. (Vol. 1, p. 143, pi. 48 c). iphioides Stgr. typical in Castile, the race pearsoni Rom. from 
Aragon always smaller, densely dusted with brown on underside, the yellow ringlet round eyespots narrower, 
metallic line generally absent on hindwings. Position of eyespots closer to iphis. In specimens from Catalonia 
metallic line also absent. Ground scarcely adumbrated. In Bulgaria eyespots of upperside of £ rarely, of $ generally 
narrowly surrounded with red-yellow inwardly on upperside, outwardly this surround reaches to double dark 
marginal line being only interrupted by the ribs. Appears not yet to have been named. 
C. iphis Schiff. (Vol. 1, p. 144, plate 48 c). albomarginata Tutt has a whitish marginal band on underside 
of fore wings, whilst on the other hand apical eyespot and metallic line are absent; in cohaerens Skala both 
white spots on hindwings are larger and conjoined on underside; ocellata Heinr. represents those frecpient 
specimens in which the eyespots of hindwings on underside reflect through on upperside; theodora-^ Zus. has 
4 black eyespots on underside of forewings with glossy white pupils. - hertae Std. is similar to hero and var. 
exommatica. It is the darkest race. In the $ the red marginal line is absent. It differs on underside from 
exommatica by the large sharply outlined white spots. The eyespots are large but almost without yellow 
surrounds. Salzkammergut. — exommatica Rbl. The <$ is deep brown on upperside. The eyespots on underside 
of hindwings are large, the pale patch behind the cell often only cuneiform. Carniola. iphicleoides Schaw. 
has on underside of hindwings 6 somewhat larger eyespots than iphis, with light yellow surrounds, the white 
spots are smaller than in iphis. Bosnia. - oikeia Dhl. is also a large race in which the white spots on underside 
of hindwings are joined together forming a band. (In normal large specimens from Kuku-Xor this is also the 
case.) Simbruin Mountains, Italy. — anaxarete Fruhst. is a large carpathica Horm. race entirely without or 
almost without eyespots. Maritime Alps. —- The description of effeminata Mast, was not available to me, 
presumably it refers to a with pale female forewings. 
C. arcania L. (Vol. 1, p. 144, plate 48 d). A great number of individual variations of this species have 
been described, all of which can recur in the main forms insubrica, satyrion and darwiniana. dupuyi Oberth. 
is an albinotic arcania, ground colour yellowish-white, decolorata Galv. is ochre-yellow without black or olive- 
brown colouration, in schimae Rbl. the white band on underside of hindwings is adumbrated, virtunensis Lamb. 
is as dark as satyrion on upperside, but the white band on underside of hindwings is as in arcania-, rufa-$ 
Gauckler has bright yellow-red forewings on upperside, the red-grey margin contrasts only slightly, hindwings 
grey-recl somewhat darker at margin. The apical eyespot of forewings is margined proximally with yellow- 
w'hite on underside, only the 2 middle eyes are distinct on hindwings; if the same are also distinct on upperside 
it is named ocellaris Trti. da Vrty. - elliptica Rev. has somewhat elongated eyespots on underside of hindwings, 
especially the apical eyespot is more considerably extended. leandroides Kheil is the same as arcania on upper- 
side, very similar to leander on underside, unicoloured ochre-yellow, orange-reddish at margin, eyespots as in 
arcania. — brayi Lamb, has a grey-white apical spot on underside of forewings, the white band on hindwings 
is wide, eyespots small. apicalis Trti. & Vrty. is the form with an apical eyespot on upperside, specimens in 
which same is absent have not even been named by Verity; if it is also absent on underside then we have 
obsoleta Tutt (= hoefneri Skala). caecaella Strd. (= caeca Oberth., exocellata Cab.) has no eyespots on underside 
of hindwings, caeca Strd. will be similar. — multiocellaris-9 Zus. has 5 black eyespots with ochre-yellow 
surrounds on upperside of hindwings. — bipupillata Gab. has a double apical eyespot on underside. — minora 
Pion. is a dwarf form. Only suprophthalmica Schaiv is to be enumerated under insubrica. It has a large apical 
eyespot on fore wings, 2—3 eyespots on upperside of hindwings, punctata Hoffm. is practically the same, the 
apical eyespot is with or without a white pupil. The form wagneri- c J Schaw. of satyrion has a faintly reddish 
disc and dark margin to forewings, hindwings unicoloured black, only reddish-brown at anal angle. Underside 
of forewings is heavily reddish, margin of hindwings vermilion. — impunctata Oberth. is a counterpart to melania 
Oberth. Fore wings without apical eyespot, hindwings with no eyespots but with pale underside. addenda Rev. 
has 3—4 additional smaller eyespots below the apical eyespot on underside of forewings. In defasciata Uffeln 
the pale band is absent on underside of hindwings. — caeca Oberth. has no eyespots on underside. It differs 
from a.-caecaella by the narrower pale band. —- We now turn to the races. According to Verity the type of 
arcania L. emanates from Sweden and has a very wide dark outer margin. This is not considered in the 
descriptions of the other races so that insubrica Frey only differs by its size, macromma Trti. <£• Vrty. only by 
the larger eyespots. Further satyrion 0. does not need to be called philea Hbn., as gardetta Prunn. is still older 
and epiphilea Rbl. is therefore also superfluous. In order to achieve uniformity with Vol. 1 we still make use 
here of the name satyrion. According to Schawerda however satyrion 0. and epiphilea Rbl. are different. 
pilwonis. 
latifasciata. 
myops. 
macmahoni. 
leander. 
pearsoni. 
iphis. 
albomargi- 
nata. 
cohaerens. 
ocellata. 
theodorci. 
hertae. 
exommatica. 
iphicleoides. 
oikeia. 
anaxarete. 
arcania- 
dupuyi. 
schimae. 
virtunensis. 
rufa. 
ocellaris. 
elliptica. 
leandroides. 
brayi. 
apicalis. 
obsoleta. 
caecaella. 
multiocel- 
laris. 
bipupillata. 
minora. 
suproph¬ 
thalmica. 
wagneri. 
impunctata. 
addenda, 
defasciata. 
caeca. 
arcania. 
