Publ. 6. VIII. 1930. 
COENONYMPHA. By M. Gaede. 
177 
/os. 
exoculatn. 
triocellata. 
microph- 
thalma. 
semibieli. 
fettigii. 
holl'i. 
inframa- 
culata. 
tala. 
C. dorus Esp. (Vol. 1, p. 145). According to Verity fonti Sag. from Albarracin does not vary sufficiently darns. 
from specimens from Provence. According to Chapman mathewi Tutt is identical with bieli Stgr. andalusica andalusica 
Rbb. has darker forewings in the 0, darker costa and outer margin in the $, only costa on hindwings, which in 
dorus is almost always as light as the ground colour. Sometimes the race is very similar to fettigii Oberth. on 
underside, but both are easily differentiated by upperside. Specimens with a double apical eyespot on upper 
and underside are named biojos Rbb., in exoculata Rbb. eyespots are absent on underside of hindwings. The form bioj 
is not identical with dorus-caeca Obertli. Among dorus one finds triocellata Oberth. having 3 further small eyespots 
besides the apical eyespot on underside of forewings, microphthalma Oberth. is paler, eyespots smaller on both 
wings. Avevron. — semibieli Vrty. from the Serra de Estrella (Portugal) is almost as variable as mathewi Tutt. 
As the name already indicates, it will not be much different from bieli Stgr. 
C. fettigii Oberth. (Vol. 1, p. 145, pi. 48 f). holli Oberth. (11 f) from Blidah is smaller than the typical 
form from Sebdou, yellow-red less bright but slightly more extensive. Less grey on underside of hindwings, 
eyespots somewhat larger. This name has been altered since into nicholasi Rothsch. In inframaculata Oberth. 
the light spot on underside of hindwings stretches from costa to the marginal line. Morocco. In the $ specimen 
of fettigii from Algiers used for illustration, almost the entire hindwing is unicolorous as pale yellow as this spot. 
Pungeler, to whom it belonged, fortunately did not name it. 
C. pamphilus L. (Vol. 1, p. 146, pi. 48 g). The following aberrations have been named: lineigera Strd. pamphilus. 
a traverse line on underside of forewings from costa to vein 2, which otherwise is quite faint; in nolckeniana l/ne ' l 9 er R 
° A yiolckema- 
Strd. the pale band on underside of hindwings stretches to the outer margin; amaryllides Strd. with dark na 
marginal band on upperside, underside reminds one of amaryllis Or. albida Strd. is identical with pallida Tutt, amaryllides 
also alba Priiff., eburnea Hah., all names for pale yellow specimens; havelaarii Lamb, is the name given to a 
slightly less pale specimen, biocellata Strd. is only a transition to bipupillata Cosm., balearica Mussch. with 
double apical eyespot on upper and undersides belongs here, neca Strd. has a further small eyespot in cellule 2 
on underside of forewings, ocellata Tutt (= addenda Rev.) has still 3 —4 small eyespots on underside of fore wings, ocellata. 
mulfipunctata Schultz ( = bipunctata Guss.) has 2 eyespots on upperside of hindwings, sometimes with white multipunc- 
pupils, in obsoleta Tutt (= caeca Strd.) the apical eyespot is missing on upperside of forewings; caeca Oberth. 
( = caecaella Strd.) has no eyespots on underside, a light spot behind the cell on fore wings, the usual 2 spots 
on hindwings. — Now to the races. According to Verity a “northern” race is typical, which one is not 
mentioned, for, a great number of races are established for the north and in the South an almost innumerable 
number. First we will mention the main groups. These are a) pamphilus group of North and Central Europe, 
b) marginata group of Italy to Asia minor, c) lyllus group from southern-most Italy, N. Africa, Central Asia, 
d) thyrsis group from Crete. The last named was treated in Vol. 1, p. 145 as a separate species and one can 
recognise that it does not fit in well in above scheme. — a) pamphilus group. Verity does not indicate where 
the typical race occurs, nor what it looks like and Linne’s description does not enter into the modern fine 
distinctions. The northernmost race is scota Vrty. with wide white band on underside of hindwings behind the seota. 
very dark base, indications of a light band also on underside of forewing. Scotland. — londinii Vrty., the form londinii. 
from S. England differs regularly from above by a dark middle line generally present on underside of forewings 
stretching from costa to the middle. The 2nd generation of this and many other forms differs from the 1st 
only by the prefix post, thus in this instance postlondinii Vrty. In N. Germany and N. France we find centralis centralis. 
Vrty. (= postcentralis Vrty.), on upperside like emiaustralis (compare below), underside like scota. In southern 
Central Europe, from the Pyrenees to Vienna and at higher altitudes in mid-Italy, the 1 st generation is called 
emiaustralis Vrty. It is like the south european australis Vrty. but without the dark margin of the marginata emiaustra- 
group. The first and last emergences of the year often belong to murina Vrty., having the dark, almost blackish 
underside, with slight suffusion of blue. The 2nd generation is called semilyllus Krul. Larger, paler than typical 
pamphilus on upper and undersides. Underside of hindwings with small white eyespot dots. Described from 
Wiatka, N. E. Russia, the predominant form in the hot Karst region. It is scarcely believable that these two 
territories really have identical races. — thanatos Std. from the Bernese Jura and N. Tyrol is dusky ochre- 
brown on upperside with dark margin, also darker on underside, hindwings sometimes cherry-red, perhaps like 
murina Vrty. Single specimens of semilyllus Vrty. have a wide margin on upperside, but not so dark as marginata 
Riihl ( marginata Stgr. in Vol. 1, was an error), but lighter grey: latecana Vrty., typical of the Maritime Alps, latecana 
If the 2nd generation does not differ from the 1st emiaustralis, it is called postemiaustralis Vrty., typical of 
Dombresson, Jura. If the underside is like aestivalis ( marginata group), it is called infraaestivalis Vrty., typical infraaesti- 
from the mild Valais and S. France. For a single specimen from the Valais, in which the marginal band on 
upperside is separated, whilst the underside is like lyllus the name of bipertita Vrty. is created. The race from bipertita. 
Catalonia is identical with emiaustralis on upperside in the 1st generation by its pale margin, but is darker grey 
on underside: barcinonis Vrty. The 2nd generation postbarcinonsis Vrty. is the same on upperside, on underside barcinon.it 
like aestivalis ( marginata group), a dry season form of this is named foeda Vrty. In regard to which of the 3 
names, hispana Stdf. may lay claim to senior rights of priority cannot be established. South of Aragon lyllus occurs. 
b) marginata group. 
marginata Riihl (11 f) is the 2nd generation from the Balkans and Asia minor. The 1st generation there australis. 
and throughout Italy is australis Vrty. Ground colour of upperside is bright yellow-red, darker than in Linne’s 
Supplementary Volume 1 23 
lis. 
murina. 
semilyllus. 
thanatos 
valis. 
