192 
APATURA. By Chr. Bollow. 
afflicta. 
diaphana. 
dimeres. 
1 unoma■ 
lugenda. 
transtaen- 
iata. 
monophana. 
perum- 
brata. 
corax. 
cerberea. 
ioIoZcl ijfolata. 
hinden- 
burgi. 
obscura. 
perlinaghia- 
pallida- 
pupillata. 
chrysina. 
xanthina. 
fairly large with whitish or bluish pupil. Underside is paler than typical iris; light markings reduced, sub¬ 
marginal band black or nearly black, not brownish grey as usual. — <$ ab. afflicta Cab. is black-brown and has 
3 small white apical eyespots in triangle formation on forewings. Light marginal band of hindwings is extinct 
or scarcely indicated. Only 2 or 3 small grey or whitish spots are left of the white traverse band, the rest is 
almost merged with the ground colour. Anal eyespot is large with yellow surround, of the same colour as the 
2 apical spots. The white traverse band of the underside of hindwings is adumbrated grey-white and more 
or less well developed. - <$ ab. diaphana Cab. is marked like the former. The left hindwing has in place of the 
usual white band only 4 small grey-white spots, whilst on the right wing it is quite extinct, being represented 
only by a few bluish scales. Underside is paler than in name type. The right wing has the white band complete 
and nicely white, whilst the left has it brownish discoloured. - dimeres Cab. looks very like afflicta and varies 
only by having the upperside of the outer half of hindwing almost unicoloured brownish yellow. — $ ab. 
junonia is of more or less black brown wing colouration and does not vary in the number or formation of the 
white spots from the name type form. The lower marginal spot is surrounded with tawny on upper and under¬ 
sides. Hindwings have a normal white traverse band and a very enlarged anal eyespot with lively tawny 
surround, anal spots are similarly coloured and also enlarged. On forewings the costa is brilliant yellow-red 
to the 1st marginal spot and the same colour is also shown by half the submarginal band. Underside of all wings 
only varies by the paler and more brilliant yellow-red patches. - C ab. lugenda resembles the former in regard 
to ground colour and similarly has only 3 small spots in triangle formation. Hindwings without white traverse 
band like foie and one can only perceive traces of bluish scales in its place; also the light antemarginal band is 
extinct. Anal eyespot large with yellow surround and blue-white pupil. Underside with lighter tawny than 
name type; on forewings there are 3 white spots on upperside. White traverse band missing on hindwings or 
scarcely indicated by rusty brown. - C ab. transtaeniata Cab. shows the white spots of hindwings slightly 
smaller than in typical specimens. Middle band on upperside of hindwings white or whitish, very reduced and 
isolated. The very wide red-brown sub marginal band is intersected in ray-like formation by the veins. 
C ab. monophana Cab. looks just like the former but here the white band is reduced except for the lowest spot, 
while the rest is tawny and merged with the ground colour. — C ah. perumbrata Cab. has 3 or 4 whitish or 
grey spots on forewungs, of which the 2 subapical ones are always present, whilst the submarginal vary, there 
being sometimes one, at others two. The white median band of hindwings is formed of the 5 lower spots, 
which, even if they are reduced or tinged with brownish, are distinctly visible, whilst the upper costal spot is 
almost extinct. - The ab. corax Cab., <$ ab. cerberea Cab. and <$ ab. i/5olata Cab. differ so little, that a 
separate denomination is not justified and they would best be placed with foie Schiff (Vol. 1, p. 161). The same 
applies to ab. hindenburgi Mecke, which is nothing else than foie Schiff. — $ ab. obscura Sdlzl. is a form that 
is adumbrated on underside having all the cinnamon-brown patches of normal specimens quite dusky and 
black-brown. The butterfly is consequently very striking. perlinaghia Turati from San Ulrico in the Val 
Gardena is remarkable by its colossal size. It differs considerably from specimens from Mid-Germany by its 
intensive black-brown tone. It is even darker than typical foie Schiff., but always still shows the white spots, 
that are extinct in the latter. pallida-pupillata Osthelder from Herrsching in upper Bavaria is a $ variety with 
the eyespot on upperside of forewing standing out clearly in the shape of an unclear, black-brown spot with 
white pupil. - chrysina from Siao-lu and neighbourhood in Szechuan is a $ form denominated by Oberthur; 
it is very common in its locality and is characterised by a brilliant, golden yellow red traverse band in place of 
the usual w'hite. xanthina Oberth. is a similar $ form from Ta-tsien-lu and Siao-lu in Szechuan with a Nanking 
vellow band. 
ilia. A. ilia Schiff. (Vol. 1, p. 161). Also in this species Cabeau has described more new forms from Virton 
danae. and the Foret de Bure than all other authors together; ab. danae Cab. shows whitish subapical and upper 
submarginal spot on upperside of forewings, the other 3 subcostal spots very small and greyish; all other spots 
suffused with brown and almost merged in the ground colour of forewings. The light submarginal spots on 
upperside of hindwings are extinct; the 3 upper spots of the middle band are small and whitish, the 3 lower ones 
lambillioni. are only indicated by traces of a few grey scales. —- In ab. lambillioni Cab. the forewings have a wide yellowish 
brown marginal band, which is almost formed into triangles by the intersecting veins. The macula extends from 
the inner angle to the middle of the inner margin and from there towards the apex to the outer margin. The 
black submarginal spot is extinct. Hindwings almost unicolorous black-brown on upperside and of the markings 
melanthes. only the anal eyespot with its yellow surround is distinct. — ab. melanthes Cab. has the typical white subapical 
marks on upperside of forewing whilst the yellow brown marks are reduced and diffused; the black submarginal 
spot is extinct. Hindwings show unicolourous black-brown ground colour and anal ocellus with yellow surround. 
gemini- — ab. geminifasciata Cab. has an almost black-brown upperside to hindwings, it is traversed by 2 parallel 
fasciala. bands, the 1st the median and the 2nd the postmedian. Three fairly uniformly wide bands are thus created, 
