194 
APATURA. By Che. Bollow. 
subUiades. are not separable from leucothea Cab. — ab. subiliades Cab. is unicoloured black on upperside and has white 
apical marks on forewings and a few small whitish spots. The submarginal spots on hindwings are white, as 
also is the indistinct middle band, which is generally only indicated by grey scales. The form is a transition 
ilieUa. to iliades Mitis. (Vol. 1, p. 162). — ab. iliella Cab. is a very small form, about %rds of the size of normal 
specimens, in general appearance it resembles ab. bunea H.-Schajj. (Vol. 1, p. 163), but the marginal spots of 
Uieia. wings are not red-yellow and the anal eyespot is well developed. — subsp. theia Dannehl from the Etsch Valley 
near Lana and Rovereto in S. Tyrol is smaller than clytie and eos Rossi (Vol. 1. p. 162); in appearance it 
approaches more the former, especially through the considerable violet sheen of the <$. Apart from the smaller 
size the yellow and not reddish wing colour as well as the considerable iridescence separates it from eos Rossi ; 
also the marking of the hindwings varies considerably and resembles metis Frr. (Vol. 1, p. 163) more closely. — 
barcina. From A. S. Antoni cle Villamajor near Barcelona in Spain Verity describes the race barcina. It differs by its 
smallness and owing to the interstices of the upperside being white, whilst on the underside they are wide 
praeclara. and of warm brilliant yellow tone, as frequently occurs in the yellow forms of clytie. — praeclara Moltrecht 
occurring in the Ussuri region belongs to magnifica Schultz (Vol. 1, p. 162). It is a very large form reminding 
one of A. bieti Oberth. (Vol. 1, p. 161) by the colouring of the upperside; the underside is similar to typical ilia, 
but of red-brown instead of yellowish colouring and with a rich violet sheen in the submarginal area. The 
upperside of wings of $ is dark black-brown. Submarginal crescents of forewings are indistinct and diffuse 
yellow-brown, distinct on hindwings and wider than in ilia. The white middle band of both wings with yellowish 
scales, narrower than in A. substituta (Vol. 1, 50 a). The wing expanse in both sexes is larger than in ilia, 
keijona. subsp. heijona Mats, from Corea differs as follows from substituta Btlr. In the Ike disc of forewings is yellow 
with very small spots; in the 5th space there is a small white spot. The yellow row of lunules in the submarginal 
is confluent and forms a wide band. The hindwings have a very wide, almost straight, yellow median band so 
that the outer dark brown band is very narrow, it contains a row of yellow spots. The yellow submarginal spots 
are larger and quadrangular. The underside varies little except for the almost straight q>ale middle band of 
hindwings. In the 9 the yellow middle and submarginal bands are much wider. — Matsttmura describes a 
yanagawen- further subsp. yanagawensis from Yanagawa (Chikugo) and Kuishu (Japan) of which he only knows the $. 
SIS ■ This resembles heijona Mats, from Corea but differs through the narrower and paler middle bands on hindwings, 
so that the dark outer band appears wider and reminds one thereby of substituta Btlr., in which however it is 
nikuni. still narrower. — (J-ab. nikuni Wileman occurs at Nikuni in the Province of Bungo in Japan. The upperside 
closely resembles the of iris, but the general colouration is browner. The 3 white subcostal spots are larger 
and almost confluent. In the disc are 4 black spots of which the black cell-end spot is margined with yellow. 
The white middle band of hindwings is narrow and irregular. The black spot in the first median space is 
circumscribed with yellow. The interrupted submarginal band is yellow-brown. Underside of all wings leather 
colour, markings well pronounced. In the margin there is a double row of more or less confluent lilac coloured 
doii. lunules except at the apex of the forewings. — subsp. doii Mats, is described from Kunashiri in the Kurile 
Islands; it is close to substituta Btlr. but much smaller and has yellow-brown spots in the disc, also the small 
white spot in cell 5 of fore wings is absent. The yellow middle band of hindwings much narrower, so that the 
outer yellow-brown band is wider; the yellow spots in cells 4 and 5 are absent. The underside is darker than 
in substituta Btlr., the pale bluish submarginal lunules are almost straight and only intersected by the longitud¬ 
inal veins. 
fulva. A. fulva Leech ( Seitz Vol. 1, 51 a). From Tseku, Siao-lu and Moupin in Szechuan Oberthur has obtained 
dubernardi. a new race which he describes as dubemardi (12 d, e). It is a more richly marked form and with darker ochre- 
yellow being shaded dark brown in the basal area of forewings. The tone of the colour is the same as that 
of the bands. Also the hindwings show the lower half completely dark brown. The submarginal band is consider¬ 
ably enlarged so that only a longish triangle of ochre-yellow is retained. 
schrenkii. A. schrenkii Men. (Vol. 1, 51 b). A very beautiful and more richly marked race than the type form 
laeta. is the d'-var. laeta Oberth. from Tseku in Szechuan. The forewings show the white markings purer and enlarged. 
The wide ochre-yellow band stretches from the media to the hinclmargin and is scalloped in a crescent form 
towards the margin. The hindwings are still more lively in marking. The white of the middle area has a faint 
yellowish-green tone and is outlined towards the margin with a wide bluish band which stretches from the costa 
to cubitalis 2, attached to this is a leather-brown band scalloped towards the base, which stretches to the costa. 
The wide deep black submarginal band has 3 whitish cuneiform spots in the cells between the costa and media 3. 
The marginal band is a very dark, fairly wide black line outlined by the ochre-yellow margin. The underside 
of forewings is more brilliantly marked than in schrenclcii. The position of the markings corresponds with that 
of upperside, only in the disc and at the anal angle there are numerous lilac coloured spots and markings. -— 
media, var. media Oberth. from Siao-lu in Szechuan is also extremely richly marked; all the white markings on the 
upperside of both wings are more lively. Both yellow spots of forewings are sharply falcate and bright ochre- 
yellow. The middle area of hindwings is faintly toned with greenish-white and bears towards the margin a 
