EUTHALIA; GALINA GA; PRECIS; PYRAMEIS. By M. Gaede. 
199 
C. Subfamily: Euthaliinae. 
6. Genus: Eutlialia Hbn. 
E. omeia Leech (Vol. 1, p. 190, plate 58 c, d). alutoya Fruhst. is a transition from omeia to nara Mr. 
(Vol. 9, plate 130 c). In the $ the oblique striation of the forewings is as in omeia-Q, the contour of wings as in 
nara. The white band consists of smaller and shorter spots. Underside more similar to nara. China. 
E. duda Stgr. (Vol. 1, p. 192). (12 a). — sakota Fruhst. is smaller than duda, ground colour brighter, 
uniform green, on underside without the blue patches. On upperside of forewings the white band consists of 
smaller spots whilst those on hindwings are more extensive. Tseku. 
Besides this we are illustrating (12 a, b) the species dealt Avith in Vol. 1, p. 192, duda, alpherakyi, 
themistocles and aristides, as the descriptions of these species that show such similarity are insufficient. 
D. Subfamily: Vanessinae. 
7. Genus: Cls&limiga Mr. 
C. buddha Mr. The new subforms are classified after davidis Oberth. (Vol. 1, plate 59 c). nebulosa 
Oberth. has smaller spots which are darkly suffused. Ta-tsien-lu. — dubernardi Oberth. (12 b) has the light spots 
fairly large; a yellow-red spot at the anal angle of the hindwings reminds one somewhat of lhatso Oberth. (Vol. 1, 
p. 194 erroneously mentioned as lhasto). Tseku. — lactoris Fruhst. is also similar to davidis. It has whitish oval 
antemarginal spots on forewings which sometimes merge with the next row forming sagittate marks. Apex 
of cell white, hairs of thorax yellow, cell in hindwings shorter. Chang-yang. — fokienensis Fruhst. is a very pale 
form, purer white than lactoris. N. W. Fukien. 
8. Genus : Precis Hbn. 
In regard to this Genus compare Vol. 9, p. 517. It is approximately the same as Junonia (Vol. 1, p. 196). 
Pr. orithya L. (Vol. 1, p. 197, plate 62 b). — cheesmanni Riley. The outer band on upperside of forewings 
is suffused with blue. Underside pale smoky-grey. Hufiif, Arabia. As it occurs in the same localities as machaon 
and croceus-edusa it is placed with the palaearctic fauna. 
Pr. lemonias L. with its dry season form of aonis Or. already mentioned in Vol. 9, p. 520 and plate 117 b 
is known to occur in Assam and Sikkim. persicaria Fruhst. from Kashmir is only a smaller palaearctic 
form of same. 
9. Genus: PyrJimeis Hbn. 
P. atalanta L. (Vol. 1, p. 198, plate 62 c). The general interest in this beautifid species as well as in the 
following Vanessa species expresses itself by intensive breeding and denomination of all specimens that vary 
from the normal. — Starved forms have already been given the name of nana Schultz, but this is insufficient 
apparently, atal'antoides Lamb. (“This wonderful aberration” is a dwarf form of 40 mm expanse!) and minutior 
Vrty. (dwarfs from impoverished arid zones) denominate them. The colour of the generally red oblique band 
of the forewing inclines to slight variations. Specimens with carmine-red band are rubra Fritsch ; with orange- 
vermilion-red band eos Fritsch] with bright red, rosea Pionn.; with straw-yellow flavescens Fritsch-, with yellow 
(this author denotes the normal band as being carmine-red) flava Eitel; with brownish-white pallida Fritsch 
and ochreous-brown band on grey-black ground colour ochrobrunnea Fritsch-, angustata Std. has a narrower 
red band. — sordida Fritsch has grey-black ground colour especially on hindwings; a row of eyespots along the 
red marginal band (in it ?) generally distinct as velvety black crescents. - octocyanea Cab. has 4 small blue dots 
on upperside of a normal hindwing and placed 1 mm anterior to the red marginal band, cyanosticta Fritsch is 
probably the same, although here the marginal band is named as being vermilion-red. - The following remind 
one somewhat of merrifieldi Stdfs. : umbrosa. Fritsch. The otherwise red band of forewings is narrower and dark 
sherry colour, ground colour deep black. The red band of hindwings as in merrifieldi, but narrower and not 
blackened. — merrifieldoides Reuss has blue centres to the black marginal spots on hindwings. — A small dot 
in the red band of the forewings has caused an inundation of names: bialbata Cab., further albimaculata Pruff., 
bipunctata Guss., martha Steph., sexiespupillata Vrty. If there is still a microscopical small dot below the red 
band then one has septiespupillata Vrty., this is including the 5 subapical spots. These names are given to 
omeia. 
alutoya. 
duda. 
sakota. 
buddha. 
nebulosa. 
dubernardi 
lactoris. 
fokienensis 
orithya. 
cheesmanni 
lemonias. 
persicaria. 
atalanta. 
rubra. 
eos. 
rosea. 
flavescens. 
flava. 
■pallida. 
ochro¬ 
brunnea 
angustata. 
sordida. 
octocyanea. 
umbrosa. 
merrifiel¬ 
doides 
bialbata. 
