Publ. 5. VIII. 1930. 
VANESSA. By M. Gaede. 
201 
senn- 
ichnusoides. 
ground colour the black spots o costa smaller, dark outer margin narrower. — erythrophaea Fritsch (= extrema erythro- 
Schonf.) has absolutely no yellv spots on forewings, also the small spot near inner margin is absent as well as phaea 
the one on costa of hindwing, 'he entire ground colour is scarlet-brown. — Greater variation is shown by lucia lucia. 
Derenne, where the costa of Rowings is grey, not spotted yellow, the black twin-spots are absent, blue marginal 
lunules faint, hindwings morcextensively black. alba Cosmovici has spots of costa white instead of yellow, alba. 
otherwise normal. — victori Rrenne is similar on forewings to ichnusoides Selys (Vol. 1, pi. 62 e) but the white victori. 
apical patch is missing. Hinvings normal except for the absent blue marginal lunules. — elisa Steph. has the elisa. 
outer yellow spot on forewirs conjoined with inner margin like a band, the black twin-spots are enclosed in 
same; also on hindwings the beginnings of a yellow band are developed. — The following forms chiefly show 
variations of outer margin: ina Reuss. The blue marginal lunules on hindwings below the angle, very large, luna. 
the 2 following almost conuent. On the other hand the lunule below the angle on forewings is missing, as 
also those above same, excet for the one at anal angle. — luteomarginata Lamb, has a yellowish outer margin luteo- 
on forewings, blue margina spots are almost extinct, white apical patch very large. Ground colour very light marginal a 
on upper and undersides. Terefore practically a pale cruenta. — Variations of the twin-spots of forewings are: 
leodiensis Cab. differing froi victori by their absence. — ichnusa-bimaculata Bab. is an ichnusa with twin-spots, leodiensis. 
therefore scarcely differingfrom turcica Stgr. — A group by itself is formed by pseudo-connexa Cab. reminding 
one somewhat of connexa Hr. (Vol. 1, pi. 62 f). The spot on costa and inner margin conjoined by black scales, pseudo- 
The following forms are;reated by variations in temperature: ioformis Reuss. Somewhat similar to ichnusoides . connexa 
(Vol. 1, pi. 62 e). Subapicl spots of forewings lighter, the altered outer patch on costa forming an eyespot like "d unu 
that of io. The two smal twin-spots are absent. Hindwings also similar to ichnusoides in colouration, but 
submarginal spots violet, he anterior 3, which form the io eyespot are larger; this is a form due to supernatural 
heat. ioprotoformis Russ. Also similar to ichnusoides, as far as the illustration allows one to perceive ioproto- 
without a closer descripfon. On forewings the black spot at middle of inner margin is also absent, whilst the formxs 
outer margin is more wiely dark. The 3 light spots on hindwings are still larger. - - semi-ichnusoides Pronin 
An ichnusoides with blutmarginal spots. The basal area of forewings is extensively dark up to the twin-spots 
A form due to excessiv heat. — consentanea Jach. A form corresponding to polychloros-dixeyi Stdfs. and consentanea 
xanthomelas-grvdzneri Ficli. Also due to heat. - The following names apply to forms with altered ground 
colour: rosacea Gloss, T ery light, with rose-red tone, among the 3rd generation. lucida Fritsch. The straw- rosacea. 
yellow colour more pmounced, the fuscous reduced. Also lighter on underside. — sordida Fritsch. Ground 
colour dull yellow-broui or salmon-brown, the straw-yellow patches incline to be extinct. — velata Trti. The ve tata. 
ground colour dusky v.th black scales, especially in the outer half. guhni Tschau. Ground colour brownish- guhni. 
violet, scaling sparser Bred from larvae that had suffered from mildewy smell. — lydiae Dubl. Still more lydiae. 
darkly grey-black thai ichnusoides. — Raynor has given a systematic denomination to every possible colour 
variation. He differeitiates 1) according to the ground colour: ( discolor Hein, ochreous), salmonicolor salmon- 
yellow, alba whitish, >runneo-violacea brown-violet, clarirufa brilliant red-brown, julva fulvous, ignea fiery-red, 
latericolor brick-red, utea yellow-red, rubrochrea reddish-ochreous, obscura dull reddish, polychloroides coloured 
like polychloros, testidinea dark fiery. 2) According to the forewings: flavotessellata with pale yellow middle 
area from costa to imer margin, infuscata all black markings increased, nubilata clouded with black from middle 
spot of costa to tha; on inner margin, radiata with blackened veins, strigata with black horizontal streak between 
middle spot on costa and the upper twin-spot. 3) According to apical marking: caerulapicata the apical patch 
pale bluish-while. 4) According to the colour on costa or outer margin: nigricostata costa narrowly black,. 
fulvomarginata outer margin with yellow-red edge, griseo-marginata the same with grey; parvi- and magniguttata 
the blue mar ghat lunules small and large, cuneiguttata the same triangular. 5) According to the maculae: 
a) variations of twin-spots: magni- and parvipuncta, spots large and small, punctijuncta spots conjoined; instead 
of the normal 2 spots only 1 or 3: uni- and tripuncta. b) The spot on inner margin large or small: magni- or 
parvinotata, the spot conjoined with the anal angle by black; nigridorsata. 6) According to hindwing: adumbrata 
the red-yellow ground colour adumbrated at costa; the band narrow or wide: angusti- or latialteata, intersected 
by black ribs j infradiscata, with small or large blue marginal lunules: parvi- or magnilunata. So that the 
underside is remembered, it has been favoured with the names subtus-lactea and subtusrufa, which are creamy- 
yellow and reddish-brown. As the definition of the colours differs individually these names have only a very 
conditional vsdue, even if they eventually may have a claim to priority. — A few races are mentioned: 
kansuensis Klzinschm. Lighter than chinensis Leech (Vol. 1, pi. 62 f). N. W. China. — obtusa O. B.-H. Apart 
from the size, similar to ladakensis Mr. Wing contour very truncate being similar in this respect to connexa 
Btlr. from Japan. The deep black markings have suppressed the ground colour almost to the cell and marginal 
area. The blue marginal lunules are absent on forewings, they are large on hindwings. N. W. Kansu. 
V. caschmirensis Roll. (Vol. 1, p. 203, pi. 62 f). Fruhstorfer contends that our illustration is not caschmir- 
typical but reproduces aesis Fruhst. with a predominantly yellowish submarginal zone. The whole upperside . ensis. 
is often darkly dusted over. It seems to me impossible that the illustration more faithfully represents aesis. 
V. polychloros L. (Vol. 1, p. 203, pi. 63 a). — cassubiensis Heinr. has a supernumerary black spot 7 mm polychloros. 
long, 2 nun deep on the otherwise only faintly darkened inner margin of forewings. — circumpunctata Gab. cassu ~ . 
016HSIS • 
Supplementary Volume 1 26 circum¬ 
punctata. 
kansuensis. 
obtusa. 
