206 
MELITAEA. By M. Gaede. 
black, yellow markings reduced, the red spots and bands of hindwings quite or almost completely replaced by 
pseudo- black At altitudes of 3000 m — pseudomerope Vorbr. Upperside very like merope, differing by the much more 
a" i of" . q ve iy mar pi n g G f underside of both wings. Club of antennae heavily red. Taken in the open, no doubt a form 
due to cold. 
desfontainii. M. desfontainii Godt. (Vol. 1 , p. 214, pi. 65 e). — glbrati Oberth. (13 c) larger than specimens from Algeria. 
gibrati. Light, spots relatively larger, red colour more brick-red, black markings reduced. Underside of the whole surface 
rotunda, suffused with red. Morocco. rotunda Rob. is said to represent the frequent form illustrated in Vol. 1 , plate 65, 
which was formerly designated as provincialis. Dalmatia, Herzegowina and Albula. Rather a curious collection 
eothena. of localities! The genuine provincialis is said to only occur in S. France. — eothena Rob. Ground colour light, 
cniba. light yellow markings extended especially on forewings. Underside also light. Ussuri. — emba Fruhst. is still 
paler. Similarly banghaasi Seitz (Vol. 1 , pi. 65 c) differs through an almost pure white, not yellowish, middle 
band on both wings. .Marginal spots of hindwings grey-white. Uralsk. 
dnxia. M. cinxia L. (Vol. 1, p. 215, pi. 65 e, f). Pale specimens are named: leucophana Cab. Forewings yellowish- 
leueophana. w liite, hindwings somewhat more yellow, black markings normal. — impumctata Osth. has no dots in spots of 
nnP ubsoMa. marginal band on hindwings. — obsolefa Tutt refers to specimens with reduced black bands, suffusa Tutt, the 
suffusa. reverse, pallida Tutt are pale $ with heavier black markings than leucophana. — Forms more or less adumbrated 
intfrUgata are : i^ferligata Cab. The 2 black spots of forewings over the middle of inner margin are conjoined by a streak. 
transversa. — transversa Reuss : with increased black discal band on forewings. brenthis Reuss. Forewings black except 
brenthis. G n costa and outer margin. Hindwings only black at base. — oeelliformis Reuss. Upperside adumbrated. 
° C> moe- l (vrip Hindwings with more or less distinct ocelli formation in submarginal band. — moczaryi Aign. All markings 
of forewings diffuse, only a few brown patches in marginal area, otherwise black. On hindwings only a little 
brown left on mid costa, ocelli band narrow. Margin of both wings black. — Variations of underside also occur: 
bifasciata. bifasciata Hart. On underside of hindwings the middle band consists of double spots. At border only a fine 
cxpuncta. streaky row instead of wide dots. — expuncta Cab. The middle band of hindwings whitish without any black 
subtus- markings. Upperside paler, the outer black line extinct, deficiens Cab. is about the same. — subtusmarcata 
m areata. R euss Las on the other hand heavy black bands. — interrupta Skala. Basal band on hindwings dissolved into 
? 7it err uwtci. ^ a 
spots. — The typical cinxia originates according to Verity from Scandinavia. It is small, light red-yellow 
with fine black markings. Throughout France the species is only slightly larger. For this race eventually the 
pliaira. name of pilosellae Rott, typical of Paris, can be utilised. Belonging hereto as the 2 nd generation phaira Fruhst. 
Ground colour pale, black markings especially on forewings fainter. Typical of Geneva, also in Valais and S. 
aretatia. France. — A mountain form arelatia Fruhst. and $ very small. Ground colour buff. Underside more diffuse 
pallidior. than Swiss specimens. Dauphine. — pallidior Oberth. is pale red-yellow, with well developed black marking 
especially in the $. Both wings dusted with black. Also more black markings on underside than in arelatia. 
Maritime Alps. — In the Riviera and neighbouring Italy a larger race than the mid-european occurs. Richer 
australis, red-yellow, the black markings almost extinct: australis Vrty., typical from Florence. — narbonnensis $ Fruhst. 
narbonnen- ^3 e ) a ] so f rom the Riviera is on the other hand described as buff, scant black markings in the post-discal area 
gergovia. on upperside of both wings. — gergovia Fruhst. is a small sub-race in which the $ has a part of forewings and 
entire hindwings dusted with green. Auvergne. — As sub-races to australis belong: sicula Rag. of which no 
castiliana. description was available and castiliana Trti. Ground colour in A and $ more brilliant than in Central Italy 
and Sicily. Fore wings more extended than in sicula and australis, q with wider black bands than sicula, $ 
with less heavy black markings and almost without black marginal spots on hindwings. On underside similar 
to sicula by its whitish ground colour but the yellow submarginal band with orange-yellow spots without or 
almost without black central dots. Escorial. — According to Verity another extreme sub-form of australis 
is heynei Rihhl (Vol. 1 , pi. 65 f) from Asia Minor. — In England and in the damper regions of Central Europe 
delta, the species is darker on account of darker ground colour and increased black markings. The Vienna race delia 
Schiff (= cinxia major Esp.) is characteristic of this. This is the form illustrated in Vol. 1 , pi. 65 e, f (with $ 
terracina. obscurior). — In C'arniola terracina Fruhst. (13 e) occurs. Large. A with sparse black bands on upperside. The 
$ yellow-green; base of both wings darker than in specimens from Germany and Switzerland. On underside 
all white patches are pale yellow, also the middle row on hindwings, which otherwise in all other races remains 
silver-white. The red-brown middle band narrowly margined with black. Closely resembles australis in point 
of size and brilliant colour, but the black marking is heavier. The race in Bosnia is identical only smaller. 
saearia. Specimens from the Eisack Valley in S. Tyrol on the other hand are more similar to australis. — sacaria Fruhst. 
C on upperside more finely marked with black than terracina, the $ generally very light. On underside the middle 
algirica. area chalky white outlined distinctly by black zigzag lines. Saratov. — There are still 2 african races: algirica 
atlantis. Oberth. Small, the black bands pronounced (Sebdou) and atlantis Le Cerf. Pale ochre-yellow. On underside 
of forewings costa pale red-yellow, apex and outer margin creamy-white. Hindwings creamy-white with pale 
red-yellow spots and black markings. Great Atlas. — According to Verity tschujaca Seitz from Altai and 
arelatia Fruhst. from the Dauphine are identical. This opinion seems to be open to dispute. 
arduinna. M. arduinna Esp. (Vol. 1 , p. 215, pi. 65 f). avinovi Shelj. is smaller. The black spots of the middle row 
avinovi. G f forewings generally larger, often conjoined. Base of hindwings less marked than in arduinna but more so than 
