MELITAEA. By M. Gaede. 
207 
in evanescens Stgr. (Vol. 1, pi. 65 f). Ground colour paler with yellowish-white spots, reminding one of romanovi 
Gr.-Grsh. (Vol. 1, pi. 66 g). S. W. Pamir. 
M. phoebe Knock. (Vol. 1, p. 216, pi. 65 g). The dwarf form is here named parva Caradja, a one-sided (!) phoebe. 
albino albina Vrty. confusa Joan, ground colour deeper red; black traverse lines diffuse, almost extinct confusa. 
behind the cell. Hindwings richer brown, only the red submarginal row of dots distinct. geycri Aign. On geyeri. 
forewings the cliscal area and middle of the outer margin faintly marked with black. Hindwings heavily black, 
light patches only on margin. Also the following two are about the same. cimxioides Mussck. hindwing so dark cinxioides. 
at the margin that it resembles cinxia. fofila Std. is like melanina Bon. Forewings with reddish-brown spots totila. 
only left in marginal area. Hindwings as the previous forms. — Among the races, the german is deemed to be 
typical. In the North Alps it already inclines to vary slightly. - minoa Fruhst. is a dark form. The black trellis minoa. 
of both wings prominent. The yellow-brown patches of hindwing much reduced. Typical of the Engadin, but 
occurring elsewhere in N. Switzerland and in Algau. — In the neighbouring N. Tyrol the ground colour of the 
race canellina Std. is described as cinnamon brown. On underside of forewings it is actually paler than on canellina. 
upperside, but darker than typical phoebe. The darkest patch is at margin on upperside of hindwings anterior 
to the lunules, which latter are sometimes yellowish-white. The black marking is dainty. On underside deep 
black lines. Apex on forewings contrasting deep yellow. The brown series of dots on hindwings large and deep 
cinnamon brown. Innsbruck. — In S. Tyrol the care koios Fruhst. is strikingly large. Ground colour deep kotos. 
red-brown. Fore wings with wide rather paler submarginal area; narrower black spots therein. Specimens from 
Courmajeur are similar. Later on Fruhstorfer covered a wider territory with this race and included specimens 
from Laibach, although they often have heavier black markings on upperside, so that they would appear to be 
closer related to narenta Fruhst. being almost double as large as the extreme small phoebe from Budapest. - 
rovia Fruhst. is similar to the preceding and neighbouring western race sylleion Fruhst. It differs from same by rovia. 
faint black marking of forewings. In the $ the median band is dissolved into single spots or extinct, also the 
submarginal band can be absent. It differs from alternans Seitz by the uniform yellow-red ground colour which 
is almost ochre-yellow in the Also underside with only faint black markings. Lake of Lugano. The autumn 
form to same: autumnalis Fruhst. is smaller. The black bands stand out from the rich red-brown ground, only autumn alls. 
the submarginal band is absent. On underside of hindwings the red-brown band more sharply outlined, yellow 
conical marginal marks narrower. — Verity describes the same race as follows: On the lake of Maggiore rovia 
occurs, smaller than koios, <$ sometimes^ as small as emipauper Vrty. Forewings narrower, more pointed, 
uniform and very brilliant yellow-red, the black markings of both wings strongly reduced. Through the 
reduction in the black marking rovia approaches tusca Vrty. which occurs throughout Italy and varies little. 
This however did not hinder giving denominations, tusca Vrty. more brilliant, richer red-yellow than Mid tusca. 
European specimens. Black markings less extensive. Smaller than aetherea Ev. (Vol. 1, pi. 66 a) from S. Russia. 
A few specimens of the 1st generation are somewhat similar to same owing to their duller ground colour: 
aetheraeformis Vrty. The 2nd generation is smaller, wings more pointed, differing from the greek ogygia Fruhst. aetherae- 
by their very pale ochre-yellow ground colour: pauper Vrty. Among these, there are specimens varying little formis. 
from the 1st generation: emipauper Vrty. (= rostagnoi Trti.). — The description of rostagnoi Trti., which emipauper. 
Verity considers synonymous, reads as follows; ground colour yellow-reel with scant black marking, which rostagnoi. 
could in fact better be termed brown. Especially the submarginal band often interrupted or absent. On underside 
of hindwings more heavily dusted with black behind the yellow-red basal band. Sometimes forewings only 
still marked with black near base and the lines at costa on hindwings very faint: steriineata Trti. from Rome, sterlineata. 
Elsewhere it is stated: pauper is the smallest form, emipauper occurs at less arid localities. The cinxioides 
marking (see above) occurs fairly frequently in this form. Typical of Florence, also from Rome and Caserta. 
Northwards of Trieste specimens occur that are identical with tusca and emipauper, occasionally a few specimens 
with heavier blank and therefore resembling phoebina Trti. from Aspromonte. Actually one should expect to find 
koios and tusca. — Also narenta Fruhst. (13 d) is a large race, $ larger than caucasica Stgr. Fore wings a richer narenta. 
red, the reel-brown rows of spots separated by wider black bands. Hindwings very dark. Underside similar 
to lokris Fruhst. but deeper brown. Herzegowina, also in Serbia and Montenegro. — malvida Fruhst. (13 cl) B malvida. 
with fairly pointed wings. The black bands narrower on forewings than in narenta (especially on forewings) 
where the outer band is almost extinct. Underside of fore wings faintly reddened. Outer band on hindwings 
dark yellow-red, heavily margined with black. Bosnia, Maklen Pass. — As a didyma-caucasica already exists, 
one can make use of either phoebe-caucasica or at one’s own discretion now phoebe-ottonis Fruhst. or caucasicola 
Vrty., as 2 Authors felt themselves simultaneously induced to alter this name. The alpine races of lower 
altitudes are similar to tusca, but they generally have a band of large black middle spots, but less prominent 
marginal spots: monilata Vrty., typical of Martigny. The high altitude form from the Valais is the much monilata. 
brighter coloured alternans Seitz. A subform to same occurs on Mount Cenis which is so dark, that one can 
scarcely recognise same as being phoebe, $ almost as black as changaica (Vol. 1, pi. 65 h) but smaller: nigro- nigro- 
alternans Vrty. Larger than alternans and with blackened base, is the description given elsewhere. — If flying alternans. 
among tusca one finds specimens like monilata, one does not say that both races occur in the same locality, 
but one denominates same then monilataeformis Vrty. But when one finds $ specimens among tusca where monilatae- 
all black markings except the marginal bands and lunules are entirely or nearly extinct: deleta Vrty. sylleion formis. 
CLB L • 
sylleion. 
