208 
MELITAEA. By M. Gaede. 
Fruhst. (13 cl). This is in point of size between alternans and the following virgilia. The ground colour 
virgilia. darker. Eorewings with heavier black bands than either. Piedmont. — virgilia Fruhst. (13 e) very large. 
Ground colour light red-brown. The larger submarginal spots of hindwings stand out less prominently than 
in occitanica Stgr. (Vol. 1 , pi. 66 a), cliscal area of forewings with faint black spots. Maritime Alps. Verity 
describes the 2 last races as follows: sylleion Fruhst. from the Cogne Valley only differing from phoebe by more 
brilliant yellow-red ground colour and uniform trellis marking of black lines which do not expand forming 
patches. Also the race from Gedre, Pyrenees, belongs here, being isolated, virgilia Fruhst. forms a transition 
between the alpine and Spanish races by its thinner black lines and alternately paler and bolder yellow-red 
wide patches. - French specimens up to northwards of Paris are often similar to occitanica Stgr. on upperside, 
but not so white on underside, the black markings not so thin and therefore not so pale as Spanish specimens. 
subocci- Long series show also specimens with more extensive black markings on upperside: suboccitanica Vrty. In order 
JthcorT ( ^tb ; ‘ ren L a te the 2nd generation it is to be named subcorythallia Vrty. Typical from Vendee. — In W. France 
thallia. quite contrasting specimens occur corresponding to phoebina: ground colour very pale yellow-red, in the $ 
almost whitish, only the small space between the 2 submarginal bands deep reddish, especially in S', black 
crassenigra. markings heavy: crassetligra Vrty. Gironde and East Pyrenees. — Fruhstorfer mentions a small race from 
Mount Bore, Auvergne, that has the inner margin of fore wings and the entire hindwings suffused with green: 
galliae- galliaemontium Vrty. — Now we turn to the Spanish group. Esper’s corythallia originates from Spain (a name 
monhum. that Hubner later also used for an athalia form. If anyone is put out thereby they can, according to Verity, 
substitute the latter name by eos Haw.). Specimens of the 2 nd generation agree with Esper’s plate 61 fig. 5 and 6. 
guevara. Therefore the name francescoi Sag. is superfluous. The 1 st generation is occitanica Stgr., Barcelona. — guevara 
Fruhst. (= bethune-bakeri Sag.) (13 e) varies considerably. Upperside dull buff, black bands reduced. Underside 
with less black markings than in occitanica, without yellow streaks in the middle of fore wings. Castile. — Among 
occitanica specimens occur in which the black crescents at outer margin of forewings are separated by a pale 
uclensis. line: uclensis Melcon. - gerinia Fruhst. differs from the typical occitanica from Andalusia by more extensive 
gerinia. transcelullar spots on upperside of forewings. Ground colour uniform ochre-yellow without yellow-red sub- 
sextilis. marginal spots. Portugal. In the East the 2nd generation of caucasica Stgr. has been named sextiiis Jach. 
Hindwings blackish on upperside, the yellow band wide; inner margin yellow-red without black. Underside 
lokris. with wliite-yellow bands. North Caucasus. lokris Fruhst. is more extensively black on hindwings than 
caucasica, with small light yellow spots behind cell. At the same locality one finds a form with light basal area. 
Both forms with wide submarginal black bands on underside of both wings. Saratov. — In Asia Minor a few 
almana. pale races: alniana Rbl. quite similar to telona Fruhst. North Syria. amanica Rbl. uniformly yellow-brown, 
am< dor<xe markings well developed. Amanus Mountains. dorae Graves, smaller than telona from Beirout. Ground 
colour similar. The dark margin more or less interspersed with yellow-red. The 1 st or 2 nd submarginal bands 
incomplete, the 3rd as in telona. The margin of hindwings as on forewings, all 3 submarginal bands faint. Black 
markings on underside of forewings still fainter than in telona. Palestine, Trans-jordania. — In central Asia 
alatauica. the ground colour again becomes richer, alatauica Wagner is reddish-brown on upperside with reduced black 
markings. There are fairly large black dots in the submarginal band as in cinxia and arcluinna , which very 
rarely also occurs in caucasica. The underside of hindwings is striking. The black marking is heavier and 
conjoined, bands darker brown, ground colour paler, almost white. Ala-tau. — Finally the southernmost races. 
phoebina. phoebina Trti. is similar to the race from Sicily, but the inner margin of forewings and basal half of hindwings 
are blackened. Aspromonte. — In Sicily they approach punica Oberth. (Vol. 1 , pi. 66 a) in appearance. Wings 
short and wide. Ground colour often pure yellow. The black markings fine but complete. £ extensively grey- 
emipunica. green at base of wings. Underside rather more like punica than tusca, which is quite comprehensible: emipunica 
Vrty. Probably the same race, as it is also described from Palermo is punicata Rag. Small uniformly light 
red-brown, similar to cinxia, black markings reduced. — In Taormina and N. Africa there is still a subform to 
powelli. punica Oberth., namely powelli Oberth. Ground colour lighter. Black markings on fore wings reduced, almost 
absent on hindwings. Underside of hindwings orange-yellow as far as the inner line, then pale yellow. Only 
leechi. small yellow-red dots are left of outer band. leechi Rothsch. is probably the largest race. Larger than punica, 
deep red-brown, not yellowish, black markings finer. Mogador. 
sibina. M. sibina Alph. (Vol. 1, p. 217, pi. 66 a, b). In the aberration neglecta Schultz the row of black middle 
dehinata S P°^ S a *- )Sen f on both wings, whilst in delunata Schultz these are present, but the light marginal lunules are 
absent on hindwings, so that the black margin appears wide. 
didyma. M. didyma 0. (Vol. 1, p. 218, pi. 66 c). The description of this species in Vol. 1 is comprehensive, but 
the subject is by no means exhausted, as one will see; fully 30 names for aberrations have been given during 
pudica. the last years! pudica Stick, represents an albino. - Other albinos are: emicandida $ Vrty. Eorewings nearly 
Candida w ^ e , (m b' faintly yellowish at costa and outer margin. latonigenoides Kesenh. Yellowish-white, the black 
latoni- patches heavier than normal. Underside also paler with duller markings. — pallida Ska,la “a pale form”. — 
genoides. Similarly important is the name calcea Slcala for other pale specimens, occuring chiefly on arid chalky mountains. 
^ca/cea’ — albicans Pisz. has the usually black patches coloured dull silvery, ground colour normal. bospliorana 
albicans. Gul. A small stunted form with less black markings. S yellow-red, $ pale ochre-yellow. acrogynoides 
bospliorana. 
aero- 
gynoides. 
