210 
MELITAEA. By M. Gaede. 
ocliracea. 
androtropia 
viridescens. 
nigerrima. 
pr axilla, 
rebrensis. 
armori 
cana 
nominoe. 
boulei. 
wullschle- 
gdi 
seilemis. 
marsilia. 
aabaca. 
castiliana. 
similar to that of $ very variable, generally forewing is brown-green, hindwing red-brown. Besides these $ 
also some that are dull buff or ochreous: ochracea Fruhst. (this name has already been utilised by Skala) ; or red- 
. brown: androtropia Frulnst. ; when powdered over with greenish the name is viridescens Fruhst. and nigerrima 
Schaw. has the entire upperside greenish-black. In Herzegowina and Bulgaria a race occurs similar to dalmatina 
Stgr .: praxilla Fruhst. (= dalmata Galv.) (13 e). rebrensis Guss. classified by the author as a sub-race to 
meridionalis, with 2 wide black bands on both wings. Base of both wings also black. On hindwings counting 
stupenda. from the outer margin a third band is perceptible. Croatia. — An aberrative specimen of same: stupenda 
Nitsche has both wings blackened on upperside except for a few reddish patches at base, discal and outer 
marginal areas. Same are larger on underside of both wings, merging radially. In the alps there is no uniform 
race alpina Stgr. (typical of Zermatt), in which the typical $ is unicoloured grey or grey-green and only 
subalbida. exceptionally pale yellow, then denominated subalbida $ Vrty. Another form with red-yellow ground colour, 
subalpina. black markings extended and bold (not diffuse like alpina and smaller than same): subalpina Vrty. ( = parvalpina 
tarlonia. Vrty.). Typical of Susa and Bardonechia. — Eastwards we find tarlonia Fruhst. similar to lesora from Carniola 
but the margin more narrowly black. $ partly yellow-brown, partly red-brown. Southern slopes of Simplon. 
In the Tessin the 3rd generation of same is small with finer black markings. On underside the otherwise 
georgi. pale yellow patches are dull clay colour: georgi Fruhst. According to Verity these are late emergences of the 
- 2 nd generation that elsewhere appears at separated periods. armorieana Oberth. the northernmost race of 
France. Small, very variable and therefore without definitely describable characteristics. Bretagne. — A of 
same nominoe Oberth. has on upperside only bold submarginal spots and a few at base of both wings. On 
underside of hindwings still a narrow yellow-red band before these spots and a few similarly in the cell. 
Another specimen boulei Oberth. only varies by the pale colouration. wullschlegeli Oberth. is a nominoe with 
wide black margin. On underside of hindwings base red-yellow, rest pale yellow almost devoid of markings. - 
seilemis Fruhst. is darker than the neighbouring subalpina, dark brick-red, $ generally greenish. Maritime 
Alps. — marsilia Fruhst. (13 f) has cpiite a different appearance. $ dull brick-red, similar to dalmatina but with 
heavier black markings, $ generally yellow-brown, smaller than seilemis. Underside with narrow red-brown 
middle band on hindwings. Riviera. - - From Spain only 2 races from Castile described, that are probably 
identical, as both remind one of the eastern forms: aabaca $ Fruhst. (13 f). Upperside poor in marking. Ground 
colour dull ochre-yellow similar to persea and dalmatina, differing from these by the small or absent black spots 
especially on hindwings. - castiliana Melcon is compared with neera, similar in colour and wing contour but a 
ring-shaped macula instead of a crescent-shaped one at cell-end of forewings. No black dusting at base of both 
wings, this otherwise only occurs also in occidentalis. The black band of scallops at margin of both wings 
narrower than in occidentalis. Cuenca. Before we proceed to the new italian races, we must correct a few 
earlier incorrectitudes. persea Roll, is typically often very large. Small ochre-yellow S. European specimens 
which are often so designated, should be named pumila Vrty. The names dalmatina Stgr. and romana Calb. are 
also not identical with persea. They denominate the small ochre-yellow to reddish-yellow 2nd generations 
from their localities in Dalmatia and Rome. Nothing is known of the names and appearance of the 1 st generation. 
roccii Trti. has the size of romana, the very light colour is like deserticola Oberth. The black middle spots 
reduced, especially on hindwings. Genoa. eutitania Fruhst. is larger than pekinensis (Vol. 1, pi. 66 e) ochre- 
yellow as most italian races with few black markings, especially on hindwings. According to Verity, a late 
emergence of 1st generation of patycosana Trti. (described however from Calabria). — protea Vrty. occurs at 
Tuscany and Elba. As the name indicates it is very variable, often mistaken for meridionalis, larger, more 
brightly coloured, also the $ very variable, never uniformly grey. The 2nd generation caldaria Vrty. is only 
2 3 rds the size and less dimorphous, typical of Florence and Caserta. It resembles persea Roll, and romana Calb. 
In C and $ the discal area has less black than the 1st generation, no melanic $, but generally light yellow-red. 
On the other hand some specimens of the 1st generation are identical with graeca Stgr. and even if there is no 
difference at all (because Verity does not examine the genitals), nevertheless the specimens must at all events 
be differentiated by name: graecaeformis Vrty. There is scarcely an acceptable description of protea and 
caldaria , as Verity wants to extend the name to cover all races between alpina (Zermatt) and meridionalis 
(from Sicily) whereby innumerable names would become invalid. The 2nd generation on Elba varies slightly, 
the $ is however just as pale yellowish-red without adumbration at base as in caldaria, although the black 
marking is not so varyingly faint, but consists of uniform large regular round black spots; marginal band narrow 
but transverse: leopardata $ Vrty., exceptionally also near Florence similar $ under caldaria, the $ from Elba 
differing little from caldaria. — From the delta of the Arno (Pisa) $ and $ are very darkly marked, the $ as 
grey as alpina: palustris Vrty. in the 1st generation, the 2nd is not known. — A mountain form from the 
Apennines is not so melanic as alpina. The $ is never so white and marking of underside less extensive than in 
protea (the reference to alpina is therefore nonsensical), the exactly like protea: apenninigena Vrty., typical 
of Lucca at 1200 m altitude. The 2nd generation of same is also caldaria. — subpatycosana Vrty. occurs in the 
same locality but from the damp low lying coastal region. It is similar to patycosana Trti. discussed below but 
the ground colour is pale yellowish-red, spots clear but smaller, among the $ rarely specimens with grey ground 
colour. The 2nd generation of same is romula Vrty. Lucca. - romana Calb. is the form from the roman 
persea. 
pumila. 
roccn. 
eutitania. 
protea. 
caldaria. 
graecae¬ 
formis. 
leopardata. 
palustris. 
apennini¬ 
gena. 
subpaty¬ 
cosana. 
romula. 
romana. 
