MELITAEA. By M. Gaede. 
211 
neerae- 
formis. 
albescens. 
sicula. 
maure¬ 
tanica. 
Campagna, in spite of the distance separating same from 'persea Stgr., it can scarcely be differentiated except 
by its smaller size. It is compared by the Author with a pale neera F. d. W. which amounts to practically the 
same. The 2nd generation is said to be the same as caldaria. majellensis Dill, can scarcely be much different, majellensis. 
Small, light yellow-red, similar to pumila-persea. Markings concentrated almost always on the middle band 
and submarginal without the intervening rows. Basal markings sparse but distinct. Margin narrow, dentate. 
The $ also light yellow-red with small spots. Underside of hindwings with uniform wide yellow band, closed 
narrower in the and intersected by veins, Majella. — diluta $ Beams. Ground colour dark yellow-brown. The diluta. 
Abruzzi race. Probably only an occasional aberration, as no such race is ever mentioned elsewhere. — paty- patycosana. 
cosana Trti. $ bright yellow-red. All spots and dots large, separated, marginal lunules merged. Only a few 
spots, in the disc of hindwings like meridionalis Stgr. from Sicily. The yellow-red lunules on underside of hind- 
wings diffuse and often separated. $ large, ground colour sulphur-yellow, more or less reddish-yellow on costa 
of hindwings, not so much dusted with green as meridionalis $ and alpina $. The black spots large, somewhat 
diffuse but separate, a little like caucasica. On underside of hindwings darker yellow, not sulphur yellow, other¬ 
wise like turanica Stgr. This is the 1st generation from damp regions of the plateaux of Calabria, the 2nd 
resembles romula Vrty. In the mountains of Calabria, as in Aspromonte tieeraeformis Vrty. occurs. Similar 
to specimens from Tuscany, q fiery colouration, black markings extensive, the yellow-red bands of underside 
wide and bright, similar to the S. Russian race. Ground colour of $ light, inclining to rose rather than yellowish- 
red. - According to Verity these specimens from Calabria bear a resemblance to oriental races by reason of 
their pointed wing contour. - - In Sicily the main race is meridionalis Stgr. Among typical $ there are some 
with almost white ground colour: albescens Vrty. — sicula Std. is a starvation form. Ground colour similar 
to occidentalis Stgr., but with little black marking. On forewings only a middle row of small almost conjoined 
dots and an antemarginal row, on hindwings only the latter, therefore similar to didymina or deserticola. ^ 
somewhat grey on forewings, hindwings brownish, markings similar to those of S'. In arid zones in Sicily. 
In N. Africa the 1st generation is mauretanica Oberth., differing from deserticola by more fiery-red groundcolour, 
both red bands on underside of hindwings always complete. Algeria. The 2nd generation, illustrated as 
occidentalis Stgr. (Vol. 1, pi. 66 d) should be called occasus Vrty., as occidentalis is utilised for the 1st generation occasus. 
from S. Russia and central Asia and besides represents a conglomeration of races, which must still be sub¬ 
divided. The size of the black spots in the middle row is said to be characteristic of the african races, 
tlisseni Rothsch. is as pale as deserticola but has more numerous black discal spots. Margin of hindwings more 
widely black. Tunis. — Specimens with rather less black marking, somewhat larger than deserticola are named 
interposita Rothsch. Batna. In all 3 forms the width of the yellow-red band on underside of hindwings varies 
considerably. — harterti Rothsch. is a very pale form reminding one somewhat of acraeina Stgr. (Vol. 1, pi. 66 c) 
from Asia. The black margin very narrow. The $ generally with few and small black spots. El-Golea. — A 
form similar on upperside to a large deserticola but on underside of hindwings like mauretanica is abyssinica abyssinica. 
Oberth. In Russia the 2nd generation of neera F. d. W. has been given a name: kazanskyi Krul. Fore wings kazanskyi. 
elongated. Ground colour dark brick-red, black marking heavier, black triangles at outer margin. Kasan. 
Asia is the home of many forms, transcaucasica Trti. <$ with lively colours. Marginal band of both wings transcau- 
widely black, marginal lunules wide and conjoined. $ marked like the <$. Transcaucasia. Perhaps identical 
and then with right to claim priority is paphlagonia Fruhst. $ and $ between turanica Stgr. and -persea Roll. 
Upperside more heavily marked with black than persea , ground colour darker ochre-yellow, not red-brown 
like turanica. On underside the red-brown spots of submarginal band heavily surrounded with black, much 
less so in persea. Transcaspia. elavar Fruhst. Similar to druentia Fruhst. Hindwings with quite faint marginal elavar. 
lunules. $ darker on forewings than persea with heavier black markings, hindwings pale red-brown like 
turanica .with less black markings than persea. Sarafshan. - The form turanica Stgr. dealt with in Vol. 1. 
should be named turkestanica according to Sheljushko, as there is already a minerva-turanica Ersch. (= pamira 
Stgr.). An' aberrative $ of this race is not as customary only somewhat paler than the <$, but resembles ala 
Stgr. (Vol. 1, pi. 66 f) in colour and is named pseudoala Shelj. The red-brown outer band on underside of hindwings pseudoala. 
is not only intersected by the light veins, but the single spots have white centres and therefore this underside 
is named: alboocellata Shelj. - nadezhdae Shelj. is like a small turanica. In the $ fewer black marks on hind- alboocellata. 
wings, without any in discal area. In the 2 yellow-white patches in apex of forewings that occur rarely in 
turanica and then only faintly. Pamir. — Besides this the following new races occur in Pamir: shugnana Shelj. 
from the neighbourhood of Chorog. In the <£ the black markings are heavier than in nadezhdae. The submarginal 
spots on both wings are large, luniform almost band-like. The next row is absent as in nadezhdae. The spots 
of the middle row are also larger but do not form a band. The whitish apical marks are absent or only faint. 
Base of hindwings less adumbrated. Dark margin, submarginal spots present, middle spots only indicated by 
small dots. The $ resembles on upperside a pale ala §. On underside of $ and $ the black marking is heavy, the 
spots of the middle row on forewings large and bold. The yellow-red bands on hindwings are wide. — From 
the same locality other didyma specimens have a different appearance: problematica Shelj. In these the has proble- 
brighter colours, of more reddish tone than nadezhdae and shugnana. The white patches at apex of forewings matica. 
are absent. The black markings like in shugnana. The space between the dark margin and the submarginal 
spots is narrower than in the latter. The $ rather paler than the <$. Costa of forewings somewhat whitish; outer 
nisseni. 
interposita 
harterti. 
casica. 
paphlago- 
nia. 
nadezhdae. 
shugnana . 
