MELITAEA. By M. Gaede. 
213 
margin. Hindwings black-brown with yellow-red centre and band of spots before margin. Underside of fore wings 
almost completely yellow-red, hindwings light yellow. - melanodes Cab., charlotta Rbl., lessmanni Closs, vary melanodes. 
slightly from one another in detail. All are, corresponding to athalia-navarina, quite black forms with the 
exception of very few pale patches. — The new race valsunga Fruhst. attaches itself to rhaetica Frey. $ compared valsunga. 
with german and austrian specimens is smaller, hindwings generally with heavier black, suppressing the red- 
brown spots. $ with more extensive and paler ochre-yellow colouration on upperside, so that it has resemblance 
with parthenie-varia M.-D. Upper Bavaria. — mendrisiota Fruhst. also similar to rhaetica, varying by the larger mendri- 
ochreous spots on forewings, the black inner submarginal line can be missing, so that longish yellow-red spots 
are created. In $ all bands of spots pale yellowish or red-brown, but never varying alternately. Lugano 600 m, 
2nd generation. — luceria Fruhst. is very large, similar to mongolica Stgr. Fiery yellow-brown, rows of spots luceria. 
especially on forewings very wide. Piedmont, Cogne Valley. - lucasi Vrty. is again somewhat similar to lucasi. 
rhaetica, but black bands more irregular in both sexes thereby somewhat similar to typical athalia. The middle 
“S” shaped band faint whilst in Swiss specimens it remains bold even if the others are finer. Ground colour 
of C and $ pale yellow, in the $ base and discal area often very pale being similar in this to parthenie of N. 
France. Also from N. France. According to Frtthstorfer the french aurelia is actually athalia. - rnussinae mussinae. 
Costant. Large. Upperside deeper yellow-red. Underside more yellowish with black lines and whitish bands. 
Borzana. — marussia Fruhst. differs from the similar seminigra Seitz by the smaller submarginal spots on hind- marussia. 
wings which are generally darker. The red-brown outer band on underside is more pronounced than in Carniola, 
darker and yet with more distinct black crescents. Saratov. 
M. athalia Rott. (Vol. 1, p. 221, pi. 66 i). Albinotic specimens are named latonigena Spider; alba 
Rehfous and leucophana Cab. will be about the same. Other pale forms with reduced black markings are 
dorfmeisteri Hellw. The usual black markings are here grey-wood colour, paler than ground colour. Markings 
on underside coffee-brown. — pamassiotropa Bryk. Submarginal band on fore wings quite extinct, the adjoining 
inner one almost, the next short one again quite. — obsoleta Tutt has the black traverse lines considerably 
reduced or absent. In corythallia Hbn. (= samonica Riesen) only the middle lines are absent. — tricolor Horm. 
The middle row of spots is orange-red, anteriorly with pale yellow central dots. Beyond the cell and in basal 
area dark yellow-red spots. Inner and outer bands light yellow-red. (The bands mentioned here refer to the 
ground colour of other authors.) — Dark forms are: virgata Tutt, with heavy middle band on both wings. - 
bifasciata Rev. With wide black band at base and in middle of forewings. — semiradiata Trti. & Vrty. Fore wings 
deep brown on upperside but not glossy. Also hindwings widely dark brown on costa. Narrowly dark at base 
and cell, more widely so towards the margin. csikii Aign. Discal and marginal area of forewings black. Basal 
area of hindwings brown with large black spots. - - illyrica Std. Upperside like athalia-corythallia Hbn., underside 
like aurinia-sebaldus Schidtz (Vol. 1, p. 214). pseudaurelia Ebert. Upperside darker like britomartis (Vol. 1, 
pi. 66 h), on underside of hindwings between the marginal lines more prominently dark than anterior mar¬ 
ginal lunules. - melanaurelia Oberth. Dark brown, only on hindwings an inner yellow-red submarginal band, 
very dark also on underside. - melanoptera Oberth. is less extremely dark especially on underside. According to 
Fruhstorfer these 2 forms should not be under aurelia but here. — fasciafa Vorbr. has a dark middle band 
only on fore wings. — cinnamomea Vorbr. is widely coppery at margin on underside of hindwings. — The 
Swedish race lachares Fruhst. is smaller than the mid-german. $ less brightly coloured on upperside, with 
daintier submarginal band on fore wings. On underside the middle band is narrower, red-brown bands bold, 
reminding one of dejone. Sweden, Norway and similarly also from Konigsberg. In Finland the black markings 
on upperside of hindwings are reduced, so that similarity is created with alatauica Stgr. (Vol. 1, pi. 67 b). This 
race is described elsewhere as fennica Reuter : wings with wide black margin on upperside, other traverse lines 
thin. Hindwings yellow-red on underside from base to discal band, therefore without basal spots. Finland, 
tessellata Tutt. Hindwings straw colour on underside with black veins and yellow spots, of which 3 are situate 
at base, a double middle row with black borders and marginal spots with black lunules. England. — suessula 
Fruhst. is like helvetica Ruhl from Engadin on upperside, but smaller. On hindwings the light spots are puncti- 
form on black ground. In the moors of Upper Bavaria. — In the Salzkammergut there are 2 dark races, 
pseudodictynna Std. Ground colour dark brown. Black markings of forewings increased frequently forming 
bands at base and in middle. Submarginal band 2 — 3 mm wide, similar to fennica Reuter. Brown spots 
quadrangular, sharply outlined as in dictynna. Hindwings also similar to dictynna by the dark base and widely 
black margin. Discal area with faint pale patches, which in the $ are often whitish. -Next funesta Std. Ground 
colour impure dark brown. Dark markings can be brown instead of black. — An aberrative specimen of same 
that might be a hybrid with cinxia is named cinxiodictynnoides Std. — A sub-form: permixta Std. reminding 
one somewhat of phoebe-alternans Seitz has a paler middle band on upperside of both wings, similarly the 
marginal lunules that develop into ivory white in the $. Antemarginal band very dark brown, basal half fairly 
dark but with white spottings. Lambach. — Among the Swiss races helvetica Ruhl was first described, it is 
limited to the Engadin, as naturally many races occur in Switzerland. — alpestris Vorbr. is a small dark mountain 
form; an X-mark on inner margin of forewings. Zermatt. — noctula Fruhst. $ very small and like the darkest 
athalia. 
latonigena. 
dorf¬ 
meisteri. 
parnassio- 
tropa. 
obsoleta. 
tricolor. 
virgata. 
bifasciata. 
semiradiata. 
csikii. 
illyrica. 
pseudau¬ 
relia. 
melanau¬ 
relia. 
melano¬ 
ptera. 
fas data, 
cinnamo¬ 
mea. 
lachares. 
fennica. 
tessellata. 
suessula. 
pseudo¬ 
dictynna. 
funesta. 
dnxiodic- 
tynnoides. 
permixta. 
alpestris. 
noctula. 
