MELITAEA. By M. Gaede. 
215 
separated into 3 rows. Hindwings with very wide black margin, generally without light spots. Mountain form 
from Bosnia. Other specimens from there belong to scardona, which is not remarkable as they are relatively 
close. - aceras Horm. also has spots arranged in 3 parallel rows, here they are light ochre-yellow, less bright 
than in athalia and quadrangular on brown ground. The outer row is more or less extinct. Basal area of underside 
orange-red, not adumbrated. Middle band of white oval spots and orange-red lunules at margin. A longish 
white spot at anal angle, bordered with black anteriorly, similar to dictynna. $ still lighter reddish-yellow on 
upperside with thin black-brown bands. Cernowitz. — According to Fruhstorfer dictynnoides dealt with 
under aurelia in Vol. 1 belongs here. Transylvania, Hungary. dejonides Wagn. is also a light race, but small. 
(J fairly pale on upperside, $ still more so, in $ about similar to dejone from Andalusia. The black markings 
faint, in this also like dejone , middle band is still the heaviest. Just before the margin both wings show yellow- 
brown ground colour especially in the $ like dejone. Rumania. — boris Fruhst. (13 g) is larger than the races 
from Bosnia, Croatia, Hungary. Upperside extensively spotted with ochre-yellow, more so than in scardona. 
Forming a transition to bathilda Fruhst. from the Amur. Bulgaria. — anatolica Wagn. In colour and markings 
like a pale dictynna. Remarkable on account of the complete absence of marginal lunules on both wings so that 
a wide black margin is created. Also the penultimate row of spots is small. The pale yellow patch on underside 
of forewings at apex and margin is absent. Hindwings contrast less strongly. Sultan Dagh, Asia Minor, 
lucifuga Fruhst., a new race from Russia still darker on upperside than limera (but no mention was made in 
respect of degrees of darkness when describing same) still fewer spots on hindwings. Also underside heavily 
adumbrated. A transition to tinica from the Lake of Baikal. Saratov and Caucasus. This tiraica Fruhst. is 
like kenteana Stgr. Hindwings heavily black except for a red-brown submarginal band. Base of forewings 
also more heavily black. Underside reminding one of dejone, dark red-brown with narrow yellow middle band 
on hindwings and with submarginal band widely bordered with black. Irkutsk. - From the same region, but 
probably different altitude we have bathilda Fruhst. Upperside very like Japanese specimens and often 
classified as latefasciata Fixs. Actually however the middle band of underside of hindwings is very narrow, 
being formed of white spots like dictynna. Lake of Baikal and Amur. conica Mats, differs from latefasciata 
Fixs. on upperside by wider black band on both wings, the yellow-brown spots are more striking. The middle 
and outer black band on underside of forewings wider, reaching from vein 4 to costa. The yellow spots in 
middle of cell on hindwings are larger, conical. Brownish submarginal band is wider, yellow marginal lunules 
small. This and the following flavescens Mats, are from Corea. Here the outer black bands are narrower, sub¬ 
marginal row consisting of smaller yellow-brown spots on both wings. Middle and outer band on underside 
of forewings narrower. No yellow spots near the apex. The wide middle band is yellow-red, not whitish, as also 
is the row of lunules at margin. — sachalinensis Mats. Similar to ambigua Men. rounder at apex of forewings, 
also like protonnedia Men., but all black bands narrower. Hindwings with 3 rows of yellow-red spots, of which 
the innermost is the less distinct. Sachalin. nossis Fruhst. (= niplionica Mats.). Smaller than specimens from 
the main Island with increased black markings. The white middle band on underside of hindwings consists 
of large longish spots, that are still wider than in latefasciata from Corea. Kiushiu ? — In some of the above 
described forms, for instance pseudodictynna or cinxiodictynnoides, the name already indicates the possibility 
that they may not be pure forms. This is more probably the case with athalioides Trti. & Vrty. It forms a 
transition from athalia to dictynna, as the yellow-red anal spot on underside of hindwings is not isolated, which 
is a characteristic for dictynna. melicerta Pfitzner is said to be a sure hybrid of athalia £ and dictynna £ and 
learchus Ebert a reverse cross-breed. The race retyezatica Diosz. just described from Transylvania is stated by 
its author to be a small mehadiensis Gerh. Whilst the other forms mentioned above like aceras, dejonides, boris 
have light spots, here same are bright yellow-red in the <$. Basal area of both wings heavily black, markings 
sharply outlined. Underside of hindwings variable, generally brightly coloured. $ paler, light yellow bands 
more extensive and probably differing little from aceras Horm. 
M. pseudathalia Rev. Being constantly different from athalia in the genitals, otherwise not to be 
differentiated. According to Reverdin the typical race of athalia occurs at Paris. Besides the races of England, 
N. France, Germany to S. Tyrol, the Adriatic coast, Caucasus, Japan and the territory north thereof belong 
to it. pseudathalia has been proved to occur in Central and W. Switzerland, throughout Italy, S. France and 
Spain. According to Verity pseudathalia is only a subspecies and the following races belong to same: tenuis, 
tenuicula, maxima, submaxima, obscura. However as Verity gives no consideration to the genitals, which are 
the main difference, this list cannot lay claim to correctitude or completeness. 
M. dejone Him. (Vol. 1, p. 222, pi. 67 b). tessinoruni Fruhst. comes between berisali Ruhl and the races 
from the Mecliterannean. As light as the latter, but black bands heavy. Base and cliscal area of hindwings 
dark, but not as dark as in berisali (Vol. 1, pi. 66 i). $ less brightly coloured than those from N. Italy, with 
heavier black markings. Tessin. — phaisana Fruhst. (= felkeli Std.). Also like berisali. The black longitudinal 
stripe of upperside of both wings somewhat more pronounced than in dejone from S. France. The typical white 
patches of underside not as dark yellow as in berisali from the Valais. S. Tyrol. rondotli Oberth. Somewhat 
aceras. 
dejonides. 
boris. 
anatolica. 
lucifuga. 
ti nica ■ 
bathilda. 
conica. 
flavescens. 
sacha¬ 
linensis. 
nossis. 
athalioides. 
melicerta. 
retyezatica. 
pseuda¬ 
thalia. 
dejone. 
tessinorum. 
phaisana. 
rondoui. 
