ARGYNNIS. By M. Gaede. 
219 
Oberth. only few and small spots on both wings within the outer row of small spots. — slegersi Lamb. Ground slegersi. 
colour of fore wings rather darker. Discal area almost devoid of markings. Black radial spots at margin, 
hindwings almost completely black. — radiafa Spul. is darker with radial stripes. — pittionii Nitsche has a black radiata. 
middle band on forewings, base of hindwings black. — melanotica Spul. is more or less dusky, only lighter ^ 
submarginal spots before margin of forewings, tatrica Aign. and nigricans Oberth. are approximately the same. 
plumbea Cock, has lead-coloured instead of silvery spots on underside. — alpina Ebert, is a single brooded plumbea. 
lower alpine race from 1000—1600 m altitude. Darker brown instead of red-brown, black markings heavily al l ,ina - 
increased, especially the large ocelli. Strongly reminds one of fingal Hbst. (Vol. 1, pi. 67 h) but their margin is 
darker. Underside of hindwings rusty colour with large ocelli. Algau. cynosoma Fruhst. is striking by its cynosoma. 
palish light yellow colour as compared with specimens of alpine or german origin. Underside also is paler, 
silvery spots more diffuse, larger than in specimens from Simplon, Trafoi, Ampezzo. Described from Geneva. 
- densoi Fruhst. Similar, differing by the very wide yellow middle band on underside of hindwings. Champery densoi. 
(Dent du Midi). — neston Frulist. is like cynosoma, as light as same, but with very small rows of submarginal neston. 
spots on both wings and in this respect like rusalkci Fruhst. Black and red-brown bands on imderside of hindwings 
much reduced. Monte Generoso (Tessin). — calynde Fruhst. is larger than cynosoma. Ground colour reddish calynde. 
ochre-yellow, all black spots heavy. Hindwings widely black at base. Underside brightly marked. Hindwings 
with dark red-brown wide spots. Silvery marginal spots still larger than in orphanus Fruhst , from Amur. 
Fusio (Tessin) 1250 m. Similar races are found in Bulgaria and S. Russia. — rusalka Fruhst. Similar to specimens rusalka. 
from Berlin. So light on underside of hindwings that only traces of the red-brown bands are still perceptible, 
yellow subapical marks on forewings larger, white marginal lunules on hindwings very large. Saratov. — Then 
still 2 races from the Caucasus: dagestanica Sowin. Pale on upper and undersides, black markings reduced, dagestanica. 
therefore probably like cynosoma. The black antemarginal lunules on underside of both wings and the round 
spots on hindwings almost extinct. Dagestan. — phaenna Jack. Rather more reddish yellow on upperside. pha'enna. 
Underside of hindwings with large glossy antemarginal silvery spots, therefore probably like calynde. Post¬ 
median area wider, suffused rusty red, middle band darker yellow. Borshom. 
A. pales Schiff. (Vol. 1, p. 230, pi. 67 i). It was already mentioned in Vol. 1 that pales and arsilache pales. 
Esp. behave differently and may therefore perhaps be separate species. Reuss also considers isis Him. to be 
a species of itself. Unfortunately this sub-division into 3 species cannot be carried through in the races, as the 
authors all enumerate them under pales. — After this diversion we turn firstly to the aberrations, which being 
mostly from the lowlands belong to arsilache. pseudathalia Rbl. The dark transverse stripes of forewing are pseuda- 
absent, hindwings dark but with light marginal spots. - elongata Le Charles. No dark spots at base and discal 
area of forewings, but marginal spots radially longer, only the veins radially black on hindwings. Silvery spots 
at base and margin on underside of hindwings longish. haematodes Lamb. Upperside of both wings redder haematodes. 
than normal. Silvery spots on underside of hindwings only half as large and the silvery dots of the antemarginal 
line extinct, the 3 rusty bands are red here, all the otherwise yellow patches are pale red. — conducta Schultz, conducta. 
The 2 rows of dots on upperside of hindwings are conjoined forming stripes, on fore wings only the inner row 
like stripes, but not touching the outer row. - guedati Vorbr. (= interligata Cab.). Like amathusia-tramelana. guedati. 
Over the middle of the inner margin of forewings 2 black spots are united by a bar. asopis Reuss is inclined asopis. 
to have completely black base to wings, discal marking on the other hand reduced. Belonging hereto as $ 
berolinensis Hannem. Ground colour duller yellow, black markings, especially the submarginal dots wider. — berolinensis. 
chlorargyra Hellw. Upperside much darker with violet sheen. Submarginal band of fore wings indistinctly chlorargyra. 
double, base and inner margin of hindwings dark with radial marginal streaks. Larger silvery spots on 
underside of hindwings. — obsoleta Tutt has brown ground colour with black radial streaks at margin. — obsoleia. 
hannoverana Fuge is quite black on upperside. Underside of forewings also blackish with yellow veins. Hindwings hanno- 
sulphur yellow, a dark band from apex to anal angle, beyond same the veins widely dark, between them silvery verana. 
spots formed like an “8”. -— radiata Nordstr. with dark forewings on upperside with small light marginal stripes, radiata. 
the marginal veins on hindwings are black. The silvery spots on underside at base elongated. — othello Cornels, othello. 
is a lighter .radiata. nigra Aign. is dusky brown, only at margin of both wings yellow-brown radial streaks, nigra. 
Underside of forewing reddish brown, devoid of markings, hindwings with only 3 large silvery basal spots, 
deflavata Wagn. has no paler yellow patch on underside at apex of forewing, same is also absent on hindwing, deflavata. 
In the $ it is normally present. C and 9 much more fiery colour on upperside reminding one of generator. — 
Among the new races the most northerly is aquilonaris Stick. (14 a). Upperside bold reddish brown, black aquilonaris. 
markings increased, especially at margin of hindwing. Underside of hindwing rusty red and ochreous, middle 
band narrow and ochre-yellow. Gellivare. — palustris Fruhst. Small. Underside sometimes dark red, always palustris. 
with smaller white dots. $ paler than north german specimens. Engadin, Simplon. Piedmont. — brogofarus brogoiarus. 
Fruhst. The spots at apex of forewing and submarginal spots of hindwing more striking, White discal patches 
on underside of hindwings larger. Col di Tenda. medioitalica Trti. <§ not much larger than palustris. The medioitalica. 
same arrangement of markings and yellowish colour but more diffuse. $ almost without black dusting, much 
less than in palustris. Black dots at margin as in <$, light yellow interspersed. Gran Sasso. juldussica Wagn. juldussica. 
A sub-race to generator. Smaller. In often, in $ always paler underside. Upperside of dull brown. 9 
generally blackish green, similar to napaeae Hbn. — extrema WnuJc. Also a generator form. paler on upper and extrema. 
