220 
ARGYNNIS. By M. Gaede. 
lucida. undersides, the little black marking only present at outer margin. Altai. — lucida 0. B.-H. is larger than 
palinoides. sifanica Gr.-Grsh. paler yellow-brown, rarely yellowish white on upper and undersides. Kansu. — palinoides 
Reuss (14 a) is much more fiery than palina Fruhst. (Vol. 1, pi. 68 b) (14 b), underside of $ not so diffusedly 
red, but boldly marked. In the $ underside is strikingly pale sulphur yellow, much paler than in palina $. 
tatsien- Ta-tsien-lu. A sub-form of same is tatsienluana Reuss (14 a). Underside of hindwings heavily carmine red 
is iso ides transverse dentate silvery middle band. isisoides Heydem. Like banghaasi Seitz (Vol. 1, pi. 68 a). 
Underside almost without silver, all markings diffuse with red-brown confused band on hindwing. In $ 
hindwing lighter on underside with 3—4 silvery marginal dots, upperside dusky. Sajan mountains. — 
nikolajews- nikolajewski Heydem. Upperside light, markings precise and black, finer than in banghaasi. Underside like 
7 kl ' isisoides, but with distinct silvery spots and without the dark band on hindwings. Nikolaiewsk. — sachalinensis 
sctc hcU'iiic a- 7 «/ -L f-j u 
sis. Mats. Also similar to banghaasi . The silvery band and yellow middle band on underside of hindwings narrower; 
the latter bordered on both sides by an undulate black line, which is particularly distinct at costa. North 
Sachalin. - semisifanica Reuss from Macedonia is very like graeca Stgr. and may therefore be identical with 
balcanica Rbl. For safety’s sake an illustration may prove useful, which may eventually serve for balcanica 
(14 a). — It is impossible to ascertain how the pales forms would sub-divide over the 3 species or subspecies. 
An incomplete list, generally according to Reuss is as follows: — 
1) pales, graeca, arctica, semisifanica. 
2) arsilache, sifanica, palinoides, lapponica, banghaasi, isisoides, tatsienluica, sachalinensis. 
3) isis, napaea, generator, korla. 
char idea. A. chariclea Schneider (Vol. 1, p. 231, pi. 68 c). — kolaensis Reuter is darker on underside of hindwings, 
kolaensis. almost unicolorous red-brown, silvery spots decidedly smaller. Kola. — The form boisduvali Dup. occurs 
according to specimens in the Pungeler Collection also in Lapland and not only in America. 
freija. A. freija Thnbg. (Vol. 1, p. 231, pi. 68 c). Calais Fruhst. Roundish wing contour. More heavily 
Calais, marked with black in discal area. On underside of both wings an extensive tinge of white-violet. Very broad 
dark red-brown crescents as middle band of hindwings and besides white marginal spots. Shawyr, East 
jakutensis. Tannuola, 2500 m. — jakutensis Wnuk. Underside of hindwings, including the middle band, very dusky. 
asahida- asahidakeana Mats, like aphirape-triclaris Hbn. The black spots larger, more sharply outlined than shown in 
keana. y 0 p y pi. 67 g, thereby appearing lighter. Underside of hindwing with lighter inner band which is bordered 
at its lower end inwardly by a brown-black line, outwardly by a similar row of spots. Hokkaido. 
frigga. A. frigga Thnbg. (Vol. 1, p. 231, pi. 68 c). pamassica Bryk denominates occasional specimens that 
pamassica. only have a spot in the middle of the cell and at its extremity on forewings, other spots absent; otherwise 
improbula. normal. improbula Bryk (13 h) is the Lapland race of frigga, which was mentioned as improba Btlr. in Vol. 1, 
p. 232, which is limited to N. America. According to Aurivillius it does not occur at Novaja Semlja. improbula 
strikes one by its dusky colouration on upperside, the submarginal spots of fore wings are conjoined almost 
maritima. forming a band. Probably this is a species of itself. maritinia Kardak (13 h) has orange yellow ground colour 
on forewings, black middle band is wider outwardly, black submarginal spots fine. Basal area on underside 
of hindwings larger, middle band dusky, outer margin an impure rose. Ussuri territory. 
dia. A. dia L. (Vol. 1, p. 232, pi. 68 f). In omata Aign. black markings of basal and discal areas are 
ornata. merged on both wings. Underside normal. - liudaki Aign. mentioned already in Vol. 1, has forewings heavily 
marked with black, hindwings quite black with faint yellow-red marginal lunules, seminigra Metschl., lugens 
bivittata. Grund and daphnoides Schultz are about the same. — bivittata Cab. has wider inner and outer black bands that 
are united in a large rectangular spot above the inner margin. For specimens with radial black stripes, there 
are the names nigrostriata Schultz, radiata Skala and radiosa Mayer. — berolinensis Reuss is darkened on upperside 
senta. by black scales. It is possible that this description only refers to selene as the text is not quite clear. — senta 
Schultz has 3 silvery ray-like streaks on underside of hindwing, the one near the costa is particularly long; 
upperside rather darker than normal. — According to Verity the type is the mid-european race. - In mid-Italy 
laetior. the 1st generation is somewhat larger, more brightly coloured with less black: laetior Vrty. — The 2nd and 3rd 
Ravens, generations are less fiery, yellowish red-brown, but also with little black marking: flavens Vrty. On underside 
leonina. it is less violet with heavier yellow markings; similar to leonina Fruhst. and diniensis Oberth. - leonina Fruhst. 
Similar to amathusia-serena from the Valais. Lighter yellow, even whitish specimens occur. Savoy, lower 
diniensis. Rhone valley, Geneva. diniensis Oberth. also has bright light orange yellow ground colour. A wide violet 
setania. middle band on underside of hindwings. Digne, Riviera. - sefania Fruhst. is still paler on upperside. . On 
underside of hindwings the median silvery spotting is wider, red ground colour lighter. Morocco. In regard 
baldohnen- to the last 3 races no mention is made as to which generation they belong to. baldohnensis Teich is the 2nd 
discono/a g enera fi° n - Black markings thicker than usual; underside very dusky. Courland. disconota Jach. has wider 
black markings in marginal area, base of hindwings also blackish, sometimes extending over the whole hindwings. 
