ARGYNNIS. By M. Gaede. 
221 
Also underside dark. 1st generation, East Russia. — calida Jack, is larger, black markings narrower and more 
diffuse, yellow-red colouration also at base. Less violet on underside of hindwing, silvery spots fainter often 
with yellow glistening, middle spot longer. Transcaucasia. 
A. amathusia Esp. (Vol. 1, p. 232, pi. 68 e). Only one aberration is to be enumerated. tramelana 
Culot. (14 b). Black spots reduced, 2 horizontal spots on inner margin of forewing conjoined, forming an “8”. 
According to Fruhstorfer the typical race occurs at St. Petersburg. Numerous european races are newly 
described: — jugurtha Fruhst. LTpperside heavily marked with black. Underside of hindwing predominantly 
red. Bavaria, Tyrol. — serena Fruhst. from the S. Tyrol and Valais is like titania Hbn. Especially the outer 
half of both wings pale yellow brown. In comparison to german specimens the black dot-marking is more 
delicate, yellow submarginal spots larger and lighter. Underside more extensively yellow, submarginal 
dentations larger, pale yellow without reddish dusting. bosna Fruhst. G similar to specimens from Bavaria 
and Tyrol. Smaller, wings rounder, base more heavily black. Underside with wider yellow distal bands. 
Bosnia. - dinara Fruhst. (13 h). Larger than bosna and reminding one of serena. Ground colour pale brown, 
not dark red-brown, black marking daintier. Underside paler than bosna, hindwings with less yellow marking 
than serena. Herzegowina. — blachieri Fruhst. Ground colour yellowish red. Black markings heavier, 
somewhat merged at margin. Frequent in Tessin among normal (probably among serena ?) specimens, 
pralognana Fruhst. Small. Hindwings with wide black margins. Black spot marking medium heavy. Underside 
slightly less light than serena. Savoy. - - halesa Fruhst. is the largest race. Black marking well developed. 
Underside like pralognana by its yellow markings. Pyrenees. — transsilvanica Tiltscher. Small. LTpperside 
lighter, black markings fainter. Underside pale, the yellow band on hindwings more complete, marginal spots 
smaller, marginal triangles shorter. Transylvania. 
A. gong Oberth. (Vol. 1, p. 232, pi. 68 g). — The race perimia Fruhst. is very large. Lighter ochreous. 
Base of hindwings only with black dots, all black markings smaller. Kansu. 
A, gemmata Btlr. (Vol. 1, p. 233, pi. 68 d, e). altissima Elw. mentioned already in Vol. 1. As the wing 
contour certainly varies a little, we are giving an illustration of it. (14 a). 
calida. 
amathusia. 
tramelana. 
jugurtha. 
serena. 
bosna. 
dinara. 
blachieri. 
pralognana. 
halesa. 
transsil¬ 
vanica. 
gong. 
perimia. 
gemmata. 
altissima. 
A. eugenia Ev. (Vol. 1, p. 233, pi. 68 e). fulgens 0. B.-H. Lighter than rhea Gr.-Grsh. Ground colour eugenia. 
brown, small black spots similar to montana 0. B.-H. The black marginal band is entirely missing on both ! u G ens - 
wings. On underside of hindwings the silvery spots are duller and yellowish. Kansu, rhea also occurs in the 
LTrals. anargyron Oberth. varies from type by entire absence of silvery spots on underside, the spots are anargyron. 
yellow. Ta-tsien-lu, Szechuan. rheaoides Beuss (14 a) mentioned by the author but not described. Apex rheaoides. 
of forewings more pointed, black spots rather smaller; marginal band narrower on both wings. Underside of 
hindwings more heavily dark red-brown, the outer row of silvery spots larger than in eugenia, otherwise like 
rhea. Szechuan. 
A. thore Hbn. (Vol. 1, p. 234, pi. 68 e). — fasciata Vorbr. has a wide black middle band on forewings, thore. 
- daphnoides Stdr. Somewhat similar to the illustration of daphne in Berge-Rebel (plate 9, fig. 4). Ground ifscnata. 
colour darker brown, but black spots distinctly separated, also on hindwing of Underside much darker, 
fore wing reminding one of daphne in general impression, owing to heavy spot marking. Ground colour brick- 
reddish, yellow apical patch distinct but dark. Underside of hindwings also like daphne, only the characteristic 
marginal spots and lunules near the inner margin indicate the thore. Brick-red base darker, middle band deep 
yellow, outer area violet instead of rusty red. Salzkammergut. — meridionalis Kardah. (13 h). Wings wider, meridio- 
black markings distincter; hindwings not dark at base, a distinct black dot in disc. Underside tawny, with 
enlarged white streaks near the outer band, middle band light yellow. LTpperside like hypolampra Fruhst. 
but larger. Forewings rounded. In southern Suchan, Sidemi; in northern Suchan borealis Stgr. occurs. — 
karafutonis Mats. LTpperside as light as pale borealis Stgr., underside darker red-brown at base and marginal karafutonis. 
band of forewings without yellow streaks. — splendida Krulik. is synonymous with excellens Krulik. (Vol. 1, p. 234). 
A. hakutosana Mats. Similar to thore, but most of the black spots are smaller on both wings, especially hakulosana. 
the hindwing. In the G the submarginal row is somewhat arched instead of straight, in the $ these spots 
mostly triangular, the next row inwards small. Base of hindwing in $ not dark, but with a round black spot. 
The 2nd spot in cell on underside of forewing longer and with light middle streak, the 3rd scarcely bulging in 
the middle. The submarginal row of spots of both wings like the upperside. Hindwings with 3 silvery spots at 
base. In middle of cell a black dot with white surround, the subsequent yellow band with silvery mark at each 
end, the outer silvery band wider, especially at costa. Corea. 
A. hecate W. V. (Vol. 1, p. 234, pi. 68 f). - radiata Silbn. Basal and discal bands reduced on forewing, hecate. 
marginal spots merged forming short radial marks. Hindwings more heavily dusted with black at inner margin, rad ^ a - 
otherwise like forewings. triburtliana Fruhst. (14 b). Differing from (typical ?) hungarian specimens by triburniana. 
paler yellow ground colour in place of red-brown. Base of hindwings blacker, especially in $. Underside of 
both wings whitish instead of spotted yellow. Herzegowina. — nautaca Fruhst. is larger than triburniana. nautaca. 
The G is with very wide black discal band on the forewings. The base of hindwings is more heavily black 
in both G and ?• The underside is like caucasica Stgr., but the yellow middle band is still wider. Carniola. 
