224 
ARGYNNIS. By M. Gaede. 
chishimen- 
sis. 
basal is. 
isshikii. 
gutta. 
liawteyi. 
niobe. 
extincta. 
diocletiana. 
fas data, 
thyra. 
nigro- 
marginata. 
berolinensis. 
sahlbergi. 
radiata. 
rufescens. 
rufescens- 
typica. 
rufescens- 
eris. 
caeca. 
phaeotaenia. 
aurea. 
flavescens. 
fusca. 
sisenna. 
laranda. 
pinguis. 
apenninica. 
rubida. 
sicula. 
altone- 
vadensis. 
orgowa. 
changaica. 
alaiensis. 
subornatis- 
sima. 
inner half of inner margin black brown. Sachalin. — chishimensis Mats, is also like sachalinensis (= tonnai Mats.) 
but black margins of both wings narrower. The yellowish spots are smaller, especially in the cell. Submarginal 
lunules on forewing nearer margin, each crescent enclosing outwardly a smaller yellow spot. Underside of 
forewing apex of dusky and dark submarginal lunules larger. Kurile Islands. — There are 3 new forms from 
Japan: basalis Mats, very dark on upperside. At base on underside of hindwings 4 large silvery white spots, 
besides in each cellules 1 -2 brownish spots, only that in cellule 3 is silvery. N. Japan. - isshikii Mats. A 
sub-form to myoniae Fruhst. Similar to wilemani Kuivay. (this description is unknown to me), but the yellow 
spots in the submarginal row, especially on hindwings are smaller, turning into short lines. Large, longish 
silvery spots at base on underside of hindwing. The middle one lined inwardly by dark brown, and outwardly 
by a black line. Submarginal silvery spots narrow, not round as in wilemani. Jesso. - - gutta Wilem. Among 
fortuna Janse specimens like charlotta Haw., without silver at apex on underside of fore wings, silvery spots 
on hindwings merge at base. Japan. 
A. Hauteyi Oberth. Described as a species, deemed by Reuss to be a form of aglaja. It differs on upperside 
from auresiana Fruhst. (Vol. 1, pi. 70 g) by lighter ground colour. On underside of hindwings the row of post¬ 
median silver spots is smaller, in the subsequent brown-green spots the silvery dots are missing. Central Atlas. 
A. niobe L. (Vol. 1, p. 237, pi. 69 c) extincta Rbl. is only paler than normal owing to smokey grey 
markings instead of black. — diocletiana Std. closely resembles kuhlmanni Seitz. Upperside fiery fuscous. 
Underside of forewings almost brick-red like pandora. Basal and discal areas of hindwings pale yellow, the 
black lines delicate. Faint silvery spots before the margin. still paler yellow. — The following forms are 
darker: fasciata Blach. (= fasciata Gloss) (14 f) with black middle band on upperside of wings. thyra Schultz. 
The black edge of the marginal lunules conjoined with the antemarginal spots forming radial stripes. — In 
nigromarginata Reuss only the margin somewhat wider black, otherwise ground colour of the type happens to 
be light. berolinensis Reuss is dusky with faint violet sheen, probably li k e obscura Spl. — sahlbergi Bryk. 
Forewings dark violet, yellow-brown in middle and end of cell. Hindwings blackish. Underside of forewings 
adumbrated except for a small patch at base of cell. Hindwings shining like mother-of-pearl to beyond the 
middle, then dark. — Variations of underside are: radiata Splr. Silver spots of underside merging forming rays. 
rufescens Tutt. Patches on underside of hindwings that are usually pale reddish are turned deep red or red 
brown and contrasting strongly. According to whether the silvery spots are present or absent the form sub¬ 
divides into rufeseens-typica and rufescens-eris. — In eris the fine silvery dots in the rusty red spots can be 
absent: caeca Rbl. Or the band from costa to anal angle is heavily dark brown; inside of same richly yellow 
lunules, marginal crescents similarly coloured: phaeotaenia Schaw. — cloppenburgi Reuss varies slightly by a 
microscopic difference in the form of the androconia and cornuta by the form of the genitals which is like those 
of the asiatic races, no other outward difference from normal specimens being apparent. - Differences in ground 
colour have produced the following names: aurea Tutt pale orange brown. Yellower than typical $ and flavescens 
Tutt not so dark red yellow as typical d'd'but more orange yellow; fusca Tutt with reddish brown or yellow 
base on underside of hindwings instead of greenish as typical. - Besides we have a nana Wheeler. — According 
to Verity there is no definite locality for the typical race of niobe, whilst Fruhstorfer names northern 
Europe. Therefore the southern races must have names. — sisenna Fruhst. Larger than typical. Fore wings 
with heavier black markings at base and marginal area. On underside of hindwings often a red or green-brown 
traverse band sharply outlined with black-brown. South Tyrol. Carniola. - laranda Fruhst. is still slightly 
larger than sisenna. Lighter red-brown, smaller black spots on both wings. Band of underside of hindwings 
quite dull. Dalmatia, S. Hungary, Saratov. pinguis Vrty. is the fiery S. W. Alpine race like aglaja-locuples. 
Typical of Valdieri. apenninica Vrty. is, as usual in this territory, smaller, black markings reduced. Underside 
of many specimens whitish and diffuse, green patches reduced. Abetone, Apennines. — rubida Vrty. Very 
striking. Upperside of fore wing coloured reddish like underside of A. pandora. Black markings less distinct, 
but more extensive than in apenninica. $ with scarcely any dark patches at base, therefore very like the 
On underside of forewings many red and yellow scales. Hindwings whitish red, spots red, whilst green and 
blackish patches are reduced. Aspromonte 1200 m. sicula Rag. Close to rubida and eris Meig. More greenish 
on underside of hindwings, forewing darker, greenish at apex. Upperside of both wings darker. Silvery spots 
quite absent on underside, replaced by grey-black. Sicily. altonevadensis Reisser is another eris form. 
Smaller than alpine specimens. Reminding one of elisa Godt. by its lively colour. Base not so extensively dark. 
G and $ less dimorphous. Black markings also in $ little developed. Sierra Nevada. — A number of new 
forms from Asia: orgowa Teich. Similar to gigantea Stgr. Ground colour fiery yellow-red. Markings fine and 
deep black. Underside remarkably pale without reel-brown spots, markings sharply outlined. Basal black 
mark large. Ararat. — The following forms from much further eastwards: changaica Reuss with dense 
androconia agglomerations on veins 2 and 3 of forewings. Underside of apex of forewing with olive brown mark 
generally without silver there. Hindwings greenish brown with yellow spots. Changai, Sajan mountains. 
- alaiensis Reuss (14 d). Size like aglaja-vitatha. Underside with only olive-grey to brownish markings, 
without the red-brown or black marks of normal niobe. Alai. — subornatissima Reuss (14 e) is said to have 
a single androconia stripe in contrast to adippe-ornatissima Leech, but those in the Berlin Museum have two. 
