CHRYSOPHANUS. By M. Gaede. 
245 
Also in $ the red-yellow colour is often more extensive than in type. Steppes of Mairut. — A few more aber¬ 
rations have been added: subtus-partim-confluens Oberth. On underside of forewing in discal area a few of the 
black spots somewhat confluent. — undulatus Oberth. denominates specimens having small, distinct yellow-red 
spots on upperside of hindwings at anal angle, which are larger and suffused in mauritanicus-undulatus. - 
oberthuri Holl is a cream white albino. — weberi $ Holl is melanic, hindwings dark brown. — crosi Dup. is a 
transition to oberthuri. 
Th. mauritanicus Luc. (Vol. 1, p. 280, pi. 75 d). Normally the G is uniform grey-brown on upperside 
(= tristis Oberth.)\ specimens with scattered yellow scales are named sabulosus G Oberth. —As already mentioned 
in Vol. 1 the G can have an orange yellow patch on forewings, which however is less extensive and duller in 
colouration than in $: boisduvali Oberth. — In the type the hindwing of G is devoid of markings, sometimes 
there are 2—3 diffuse marginal spots as indicated on pi. 75 d: undulatus Gerh. 
Th. romanovi Christ. (Vol. 1, p. 280, pi. 75 d). — cyprius Stich. (15 e) has the copper red patch on 
fore wings suffusing outwards towards margin, so that in the G the ground colour projects into same in an angle 
behind the cell; often this angle is also filled with red. The latter form does not differ from typical forms. The 
extension of the red patch has certainly turned out rather small in the illustration on pi. 75 d. cyprius also 
occurs in Erivan, not far distant from the typical locality Ordubad and can only be deemed an aberration. 
The spot situate in anal area on hindwings is distended, especially in $. Fewer black spots on underside of 
forewings. This however does not seem to be in accordance with the original illustration. Sultanabad. 
Th. Callimachus Ev. (Vol. 1, p. 280, pi. 75 e). Here we have to add maculifera Stgr. as synonymous 
with hafiz Koll. Sultanabad. 
22. Genus: Oirysophamis Hbn. 
Chr. virgaureae L. (Vol. 1, p. 281, pi. 76 a). The typical race emanates from Sweden according to 
Verity. The race from Central Europe is therefore separated as inalpina Vrty., as typical of which however a 
southern european race, namely that from Valdieri has been chosen. No description has been given and in fact 
there cannot be a uniform central european race, as the territory is too large. —To be added to the northern 
races is: apicipunctata Huene, which is as small as estonica Hiiene and which does not vary from virgaureae 
except through being smaller. In this case there are 3 additional small black subapical spots on upperside of 
forewing. Esthland. The form from Holstein chrysorhoas Fruhst. must be passed over owing to insufficient 
description. — A very similar race occurs in the Cevennes having a warmly coloured underside, being at the 
same time smaller: gravesi Vrty. — Starved specimens from Aigoual are given the superfluous name of 
gravesica Vrty. — Normal virgaureae with these spots are named tripuncta Gloss. — zermattensis Fall, is identical 
with montana M.-Diir. (erroneously printed as Meissn. in Vol. 1) according to Courvoisier. caeruleopunctata 
Oberth. denotes specimens of zermattensis $ with blue submarginal spots on upperside of hindwings. — delicata 
Higgins from the Col di Sestrieres was formerly classified under zermattensis by Verity. The G is rather pale 
on upperside, small, black margins narrow especially on hindwings, very small marginal spots there. On underside 
the outermargin of forewings and the entire hindwings are pale reddish yellow, often a pure yellow without the 
dusky dusting of montana M.-Diir. Spots on underside of fore wings are fairly large, the white band on hindwings 
is as insignificant as in inalpina Vrty. The underside of $ resembles that of G, upperside that of a small specimen 
of inalpina, but the ground colour is a paler yellow (on underside ?). osthelderi Fruhst. from the Tessin is 
larger than zermattensis, outer margin double as wide, hindwings more heavily black and dentate. Hindwing 
of $ almost completely black blue submarginal spots. Underside of hindwing green to greenish black. South 
Tessin. — pelusiota Fruhst. from C-ogne (Piedmont). The only description of the G is “similar to osthelderi ”, 
the $ is very large, like a fine zermattensis , but underside of hindwing with wide white band. — theages Fruhst. 
from the Puschlav Valley in Southern Switzerland forms a transition from athanagild (dealt with in Vol. 1) 
from the Engadin and osthelderi, but the underside of hindwing is not such a rich green. The black spots of 
forewing are punctiform and small like in specimens from the Engadin. — cissites Fruhst. from northern 
Switzerland and also from the Ortler region combines osthelderi and zermattensis. The G is about as large as 
medium osthelderi, the black margin shows indications of developing wider as is characteristic for the southern 
race. Also the $ is medium large and resembles osthelderi more closely. Forewings buff to dark grey brown, 
heavily spotted with black. Underside extremely dusky, not suffused with orange yellow, as in specimens 
from the Jura (as juvara Fruhst.) but more inclined to be green. — In North Italy emilianus Trti. naturally 
comes between osthelderi and apennina Calb. but it is larger than the latter. Black margin at apex is wider, 
somewhat like miegii. The $ is dark, black spots large. Apennines. — quercii Trti. has a narrow margin on 
forewing in G, the $ is exactly like apennina, and one can therefore subscribe to the view expressed by Querci, 
that therefore the G is undeserving of a special denomination. Mti. Sibillini. — The following new form is 
described from France: vera Hemm. The G is pale golden on upperside similar to the following race from the 
Pyrenees. The black margin is relatively wide at apex of forewing. Margin and spots of hindwing normal. 
The $ is also pale golden with more gloss than in the Pyrenees. Base and outermargin of forewings darker. 
subtus- 
partim- 
confluens. 
undulatus. 
oberthuri. 
weberi. 
mauritani¬ 
cus. 
sabulosus. 
boisduvali. 
undulatus. 
romanovi. 
cyprius. 
callimaclius. 
virgaureae. 
inalpina. 
apicipunc¬ 
tata. 
gravesi. 
tripuncta. 
zermatten¬ 
sis. 
caeruleo¬ 
punctata. 
delicata. 
osthelderi. 
pelusiota. 
theages. 
cissites. 
emilianus. 
quercii. 
vera. 
