CHRYSOPHANUS. By M. Gaede 
247 
pluripuncta with supernumerary dots in arcuate line of spots. - In extineta $ Hens, the submarginal row of dots pluripuncta. 
on forewings is almost entirely extinct, on hindwings quite. 
- festivus Krul. are large 
specimens among 
extineta. 
festivus. 
dahurica Graes. A black discoidal streak on both wings in Y, the $ has longish black spots on forewings, hind 
wings blackish only slightly dusted with gold. Underside of hindwings whitish. Wiatka. - heyni Strd. is a heyni. 
symmetrical malformation of hindwings. Albinotic specimens are named alba Tutt, albina Leonh., albidoflava 
Galv. — minor Diosz. is the name for especially small specimens. 
Ch. splendens Stgr. (Vol. 1, p. 284, pi. 76 g, h). The form of paucipuncta Courv. mentioned above under 
dispar also occurs in this species. 
Ch. hippothoe L. (Vol. 1, p. 284, pi. 76 h). — testacea $ Lagerbg. is a sub-form to stieberi. Forewings hippothoe. 
pale brown. Hindwings blue violet in discal area otherwise brown with dark brown outer margin. - cisalpina % 
Fruhst. is larger, the dark margin wider in $ with fiery light patch in disc, somewhat dusted with black. 
Tessin. — valderiana Trti. <b Vrty. comes between eurybia 0. and italica Calb. (Courvoisier would prefer to valderiana. 
resuscitate the name eurydome Hoffmgg. for the former). $ with only slight violet sheen. Ground colour less 
coppery than in eurybia and italica. Entire outer margin less widely black than in eurybia in contrast to 
cisalpina from Tessin. The discoidal lunule is rarely indicated on forewing. Ground colour of eurybia is uni¬ 
formly dark grey brown, in italica it is yellow on forewings and yellowish on hindwings; generally forewings 
chiefly bright coppery, hindwings dark grey. $ similarly on underside. Upperside however neither as dark 
brown as eurybia, nor as fuscous as italica on forewings, hindwings brown with fuscous band, otherwise like 
typical hippothoe. Valdieri. — caeruleopunctata Trti. <£• Vrty. (also Schatv.) denotes specimens with blue spots caeruleo- 
on hindwings of $ such as frequently occur among eurybia. — oblitera Trti. & Vrty. with discoidal spots on 
underside more or less suppressed. leonhardi Fruhst. A $ with wide black margin on both wings, hindwing leonhardi. 
nevertheless intensively violet. The $ with extensive fiery yellow basal area on forewings. Submarginal band 
of hindwings wide, almost ochreous. Underside of forewings of similar to eurybia owing to the dull colouration. 
Bulgaria. — spadona Krul. Upperside of devoid of violet gloss, the golden band on underside of hindwings spadona. 
is more or less absent. $ quite similar to stieberi Gerh. Wiatka. — flavescens Fiedl. is a pale golden yellow flavescens. 
albino with considerable violet sheen. —The names confluens, fere-confluens and radiata Oberth. explain themselves. 
- - violacea Oberth. is dark with fiery colour. schirnieri P. Sch. is more intensively dark blue-black at margin violacea. 
of forewings. — wallersfirti $ Hirschke is unicolourecl black on upperside without a trace of red marking. Hind- sc hirmeri. 
wings with bltie spots and a black mark at disco-cellular, 
lunules in front of the red marginal band on upperside of hindwings. 
wcilleyitiyii . 
albidolunulata Rev. denotes eurybia $ having white albidolun. 
purpureopundata Wheel, has small purpureo- 
purple spots on upperside of hindwings in the orange-red band. — stieberioides Ebert is a 9 with the reddish stieberiotdes 
yellow blotch on forewings extending to the base. — Besides Courvoisier has named: elongata with elongated elongata. 
arc of dots; radiata (= confluens Gerh.): arc of eyespots and marginal lunules confluent; limbo-juncta : one of radiata. 
the arcuate dots and relative marginal lunule conjoined; caeca: no arc of eyespots on underside; paudpunda: dmbo- 
a few of the black dots missing; extineta Gillmer about the same as caeca-, privatissinia has only the discal dots caeca"'^ 1 ' 
and marginal lunules; obscura is darker on upperside. — In ornata G Zullich the 4 lower black spots in the discal paucipunc- 
area between discal spot and outer margin on forewing reflect through on upperside. ertincta ^ 
Ch. alciphron Roth. (Vol. 1, p. 285, pi. 77 a). This and the following species are more liable to vary privatiss. 
than other closely related species and the results are seen as follows: — gaudeoius Fruhst. The $ is much 
lighter, more yellow, smaller and with fainter dots. Zermatt and the northern slopes of the Simplon. — In alciphron. 
isokrates Fruhst. from the southern slopes of the Simplon the spots on forewings adhere more loosely. It is gaudeoius. 
1 # y ~ . . 1 isokrates 
more delicate and ground colour suffused with lilac. The $ is larger. Underside of forewings with a yellowish 
hue. Hindwings with a wider submarginal band. — According to Turati specimens from Valdieri and the 
french Maritime Alps belong here (= epidelion Fruhst.). Besides we are to give rights of priority to columbanus 
Prunn. which has not been mentioned for 100 years and of which there is no clear description! mirabilis mirabilis. 
Vrty. G large and fiery coloured, only hindwing somewhat adumbrated, like melibaeus, but spots are small¬ 
er. The $ corresponds partially to romanorum, isocrates and gordius, from which no one will know where 
they are, but one can assert, that it is simply a large, light gordius. Many $ have a slight adumbration of 
hindwings. Florence. ultragordius Vrty. from Oulx is also large. The $ paler without violet sheen, dark ul * rag °j] u 
spots small in $ and $. Underside pale grey. — romanorum Fruhst. from Abruzzi is a small gordius q , the $ romanorum. 
approximately like intermedia Stef. Poorer in black markings when compared with diniensis Oberth. ground 
colour darker, more extensively suffused with violet blue. Underside of and $ is darker grey. As inter¬ 
media ^ is described from Rome, the romanorum described, is simply the belonging to intermedia $ and 
the name is superfluous. The diniensis Oberth. referred to is said to be poorly marked, but specimens from 
Digne in the Puengeler Collection have large spots. — ruehli Trti. also from Abruzzi is described as an ruehli. 
alciphron with heavier yellow-red gloss on costa of hindwings, the corresponding $ is about like gordius $ 
but grey on underside like alciphron. — dainareton Fruhst. is the high altitude form of romanorum. The $ dainareton. 
darker red-brown on upperside than gordius $ from the South Tyrol. Hindwings also darker and occas¬ 
ionally blackish except for the red submarginal band. Underside paler than romanorum. Gran Sasso, Mti. 
Sibillini. — calabrus Vrty. is generally smaller than granadensis Rbb. (Vol. 1, pi. 77 b), the G °f same is also calabrus. 
whitish with small black spots. The $ a similar warm coppery, only also here the black spots are small, the 
