Publ. 20. XI. 1930. 
CHRYSOPHANUS. By M. Gaede. 
249 
Ch. phlaeas L. (Vol. 1, p. 285, pi. 77 b). All specimens from the circumpolar regions have been named phlaeas. 
hitherto hypophlaeas Bsd. Now 2 new names are created: polaris Gourv. has small spots on upperside, polar In. 
hindwings dark grey, wide margin, only a small projection instead of a tail. Underside of forewings grey-white 
at apex and outer margin, fuscous in middle. Hindwings pale bluish-grey, marginal band red. Lapland and 
Finland. As there is no reference to hypophlaeas in the description it is possibly identical with same. — hyper- 
borea Ford (16 a) is similar to hypophlaeas but somewhat yellower on upperside. Underside of hindwings blue- hyperborea. 
grey, therein minute black dots distinctly visible, submarginal line somewhat brownish. Arctic Norway, Lap- 
land. hypophlaeas Bsd. (15 h) is smaller and more fiery coloured. In order to show the distinction we are also 
illustrating a specimen of the latter from Lapland. — Now to the furthermost south, cyrenaica Trti. is like cyrenaica. 
the race from Sicily. The $ with blue spots on hindwings such as occur occasionally in all races. On underside 
of forewings the spots have pale yellow ringlets in the middle of the wing. Ground colour of hindwings is ash- 
grey not reddish-yellow. Cyrenaica. — Here follow a few asiatic races: stygianus Btlr. Large. <$ dark brown stygianus. 
on forewings but spots still discernible, 2 small orange-yellow spots posterior to the principal row (as an aber¬ 
ration?). Hindwings dark with orange-red submarginal band and blue spots anteriorly. Underside of forewing 
yellow, spots with white ringlets. Apex of forewing and entire hindwing pale grey. 9 with orange-red discal 
and outer area on upperside of forewing. Hind wing on underside inclined to be pale brown. Afghanistan, 
Kashmir. pseudophlaeas Luc. described from W. China and therefore possibly identical with chinensis Fldr. pseudo- 
However the black spots on upperside of forewing are said to be margined with yellow-white. Underside of phlaeas. 
forewings grey-yellow, the deep black spots with paler surrounds than ground colour, the fuscous marginal 
band on hindwing wider than in european specimens. —- coccineus Ford: is of medium size, without tails. Upperside coccineus. 
almost scarlet, glossy. Marginal band of hindwings very wide. All patches otherwise only dusky are intensively 
black on upperside. Underside of hindwings pale grey with a tinge of yellow, sometimes with black dots, with 
faint red submarginal band. Tian-Shan. flavescens Ford is somewhat larger than the average, without tails, flavesccns. 
Upperside very pale, yellowish, the dark marking inclined to be brown, spots on forewings fairly large.Underside 
of hindwings unicoloured lemon-yellow with indication of a red submarginal line. Yangtsze, Shasa. — japonica 
Ford according to Ktjwayama is identical with daimio Seitz ; as a matter of fact the original illustration of the 
forewings of japonica shows much less extensive red, this however may vary. — Kurilensis Mats, from the Kurile kurilensis. 
Islands is perhaps a sub-form to daimio. 9 black (?). Margin of forewings much narrower, spots smaller. 
The red submarginal band on hindwings wider. — distalba Kuway. is an albino form of daimio. — Now to distalba. 
the aberrations: the varying depth of colour between the palest and darkest forms has already been favoured 
by Ttttt with so many names that in superabundance they become valueless. Nevertheless Verity has given 
the name nigrioreleus for specimens from the northern part of southern Europe without giving further description nigrioreleus. 
and varieleus from the temperate southern alpine valleys, where phlaeas and eleus occur simultaneously, thus varieleus. 
denominating the “half-way” form. Further eleoides Splr. is “fainter” and “more uniformly” dusky than the 
southern eleus , a name which seems unimportant. Meanwhile it must be pointed out that the typical eleus F . 
are ashy-grey on underside of forewings and hindwings. This occurs very rare'I y, most specimens are grey-red 
on underside. — Typical schmidtii Esp. (Vol. 1, pi. 77 c as albicans) are pale in ground colour, herniation Oberth. herniation. 
is a quite extreme form of this. - hiibneri Oberth. is a reverse form. The ground colour is normal but the black hubneri. 
patches are white. —- semialba- 9 Strd. has 2 radial white stripes on upperside of forewings, otherwise colour semialba. 
and markings are normal. — Now to a classification of aberrations, as systematically as possible and denominated 
unless otherwise stated by Ttttt. a) Aberrations of forewing: unipunctata, : only middle spot present; impunctata: impunctata. 
no spot on fore wing; rernota ( = punctis nigris remotis Oberth.). The arc of eyespots small, thereby seeming to lie 
further outwards; parvipunctata Strd. : spots small, situate normally, partly indistinct; magnipuncta is a counterpart 
and must therefore be denominated; juncta : the spots of the transverse row large and directly contiguous or 
conjoined by a zigzag line; exlensa is approximately the same: radiata Splr. has black streaks in the marginal 
cells; supra-radiata Oberth. '. the arc of eyespots are radially elongated inwards; extensa-conjuncta : a few of the 
spots are confluent with the discoidal lunule; if the same also occurs on the underside : infra-radiata and infra- 
extensa ; cejitroconjuncta : discoidal lunule and arcuate row of spots confluent to a large spot; latomarginata : 
margin is very wide; nigroapicata : black margin is so wide at apex that it includes the 3 spots that approximate 
to same; basilipunctata : an additional dot in the cell at base; melanophlaeas de Vill. is a dark form of supra- 
radiata, the red marginal band on hindwing can be absent . b) Aberration of hindwings: caeruleopunctata Stgr. 
is also named coerulepuncta Strd.; subradiata (= rubrohastata Std.) denominates specimens where streaks extend 
inwards from red marginal band; radiata (for the 2nd time!): in place of the band only red streaks; obsoleta : 
these streaks may be absent. — For differences in the ground colour a few further names have been given than 
those already mentioned in Vol. 1, with a further super-addition viz: caudata when they concern specimens 
that are with tails; we are not enumerating them as the differences are too small and would serve no purpose 
without a colour chart. — For variations of the underside 2 names have already been mentioned above; besides 
these there is also disconjuncta Tutt, in which the 2 cell spots are confluent. For specimens of the spring 
brood without tails there is the name vernalis Oberth., in contrast hereto we have aestians Oberth., a name which 
has already been superseded by aestivus Z. (= eleus). — vernus Z. from Sicily has bright red fore wings with vermis 
narrow black margin and may differ from vernalis Oberth. — Coitrvoisier has created the following name: 
parallela: the discoidal lunule conjoined with 2 of the arcuate eyespots. The other names basijuncta, confluens- 
transversa, elongata, obscurata explain themselves. 
Supplementary Volume 1 
32 
