250 
LYCAENA. By Chr. Bollow. 
punctifera. 
albomargi- 
nata. 
marpurgi- 
ca. 
tribasipunc- 
ta. 
maritima. 
radiata. 
iuncta. 
discoelon- 
gata. 
extrema. 
vulgaris. 
magmpunc- 
ta. 
irregularis. 
anticoradia- 
ta. 
obsoleta- 
juncta. 
leodorus. 
caeca. 
extrema-. 
anticoim- 
punctata. 
postereobn- 
punctata. 
impuncta- 
ta. 
cor data, 
cuneata. 
obsoleta- 
juncta. 
basijuncta. 
costa-juncta 
medio- 
juncta. 
addenda. 
aegiades. 
aegusella. 
(Vol. 1, p. 282) with an additional row of white spots on upperside of hindwings, also underside of all wings 
throughout paler. — A ab. punctifera Courv. has enlarged black marginal dots on hindwings and ab. albomarginata 
Ebert has these marginal spots enclosed in white instead of orange on upperside of hindwings. — ab. marpurgica 
Strd. are very small $$ on which the red marginal lunules are absent. — The $ ab. tribasipuncta Courv. shows 
on the one hand 3 basal eyespots, on the other hand connecting bars between the furthest arcuate eyespot, 
discoidal lunule and second lowest arcuate eyespot. - - In ab. maritima Steph. ocelli of underside are diffused 
into longish stripes; radiata Oberth. as well as jurscta Tutt are very similar, the dark cone-shaped spots on the 
underside which adjoin the orange lunae are united with the dots of the postdiscal band by streaks which are 
constricted in the middle. There are 6 stripes of this nature on the fore wing and 8 on the hindwing. Ground 
colour on underside very pale yellow. In ab. juncta Tutt there is the same sort of variation. The rays are 
created by a junction of the spots of the submedian row with the corresponding black internerval cone-shaped 
markings which adjoin the orange lunae inwards. A form approaching this aberration is named approximata- 
juncta Tutt, it would better have been left unnamed. ab. discoelongata Courv. has elongated postdiscal 
eyespots on the underside. ab. extrema Courv. shows the greatest extension of confluence in spots and dots. 
All spots are conjoined by rays from the base through the discoidal lunule to the postdiscal eyespots and 
marginal lunae, also other basal and arcuate eyespots on all wings are confluent. - — ab. vulgaris M.-D ur. in contrast 
to ab. valesiana M.-Dur (Vol. 1, p. 300) shows very large ocelli on a yellow-grey underside. — Similar, perhaps 
identical with this form is ab. magnipuncta Tutt but the spots are often elongated; on the other hand ab. 
parvipuncta Tutt is nothing else than valesiana M.-Dur. — ab. irregularis Tutt shows irregularly formed spots 
and dots of varying size. A a b. anticoradiafa Tutt is characterised by the 2nd to 5th spot of the postdiscal row 
of spots of forewing on underside being extended towards the base like a streak; hindwings show normal 
marking. Impoverished markings are shown by ab. obsoleta-juncta Tutt on which on the underside of forewings 
all spots are absent with the exception of the discoidal lunule whilst on the hindwings the spots and dots are 
united to form 6 rays. — In ab. leodorus Gerhard the metallic centres of the marginal spots on underside of 
hindwing are absent; this form is found more frequently in the A A than in the ab. inornata Grund. is identical 
with this form. —- ab. caeca Grund are $$ on which the dots and spot markings are absent on underside of all 
wings. The discoidal spot is still faintly indicated; the brown ground colour is interspersed especially in the 
discal area by white rays. Specimens however also occur in which there are a few spots although very minute 
and these should be placed here. — Tutt designates as ab. extrema insects in which all the dots of the arcuate 
row are absent both on forewings and hindwings. —- The variation of the discoidal lunule is denoted by Tutt 
as anticoimpunctata, when it is absent on the forewing; as postereoimpmictata when it is absent on hindwing 
and as impunctata when it is extinct on all wings; if it is cordiform, he names it cordata Tutt. — Confluent forms 
are: ab. cuneata Tutt , the spots are cuneiform pointing inwards, these marks proceed only from the black inner 
lunae, submedian spots are extinct. — ab. obsoleta-juncta Tutt has dots 2 —6 of the arcuate row of fore wings 
combined to a black transverse band. These spots are similarly also conjoined on hindwings taking in the costal 
spots. — basijuncta Tutt is similarly marked, but in this case the basal spots are also conjoined. — ab. costa- 
juncta Tutt (= costajuncta Courv.) shows the first basal spot confluent with the upper spot of the submedian 
row so that a patch is formed on the hindwings. — Also the discoidal lunule of the forewings can be joined 
together with the dot of the arcuate row lying immediately above same and this is then designated as ab. medio- 
juncta Tutt. — Tutt combines the forms under ab. addenda which have additional spots between the discoidal 
lunule and the arcuate row or such that have additional spots beyond the normal number on one or both sides. 
- Courvoisier has named the following forms: crassipuncta, elongata, pluripuncta and paucipuncta, a further 
description is unnecessary more especially as they agree with the forms enumerated above. — Too much good 
work has also been done in the establishment of races; in order to decide with certainty in a great many cases 
it is absolutely necessary to have a full knowledge of the locality label. Subsp. aegiades Gerh. designates the 
usual race of the plains of mid-Europe and is characterised by the absence of the discoidal lunule on the upper- 
side of the fore wings and the formation of the spots on the underside. — From the hill of Pollau in Moravia 
Verity describes a very small race aegusella of only 21-22 mm expanse of which the A A are opalescent deep 
purple with a heavy black margin, very dark-grey underside with striking small black dots. 
argus. Tutt discriminates between 3 races in England. The race argus L. occurs on heathlancl, the Erf 
with sharply outlined black margin and completely dusky underside. The $$ show no trace of blue 
cretaceus. sheen. — In contrast thereto the race cretaceus Tutt occurring on chalky hills is larger than the former. 
Ad with a very narrow black margin to forewings and fairly large spots on hindwings. Underside fairly pale. 
sometimes with blue sheen. — The race occurring on moorlands is smaller than cretaceus and Ad also 
with a narrow black margin and pale und erside, whilst the $$ show dense blue scaling so that they differentiate 
plouharne- strongly from other english races. — In Brittany around Plouharnel we find the race plouharnelensis Oberth. 
lensis. 
