LYCAENA. By C'hr. Bollow. 
258 
nomancha. a duller darker blue on the upperside of also underside distinctly grey. — ab. nomancha Ribbe also from 
the Sierra de Alfacar belongs to the starved forms, underside of forewing and also of hindwing shows only the 
outer rows of dots, the greater part of the wing towards the base is quite white without any markings. —Accord¬ 
ing to Verity a race occurs in Greece which varies from hypochiona by having a grey-white underside, wdiich 
gracca. has been named graeca. — The local form occurring in the Maritime Alps in the neighbourhood of Mentone: 
lydides. lydides Fruhst. is remarkably pale and forms a transition to the insects of the S. Tyrol and the large forms from 
the Valais to the pale Spanish hypochiona Rmb. But lydides shows a distinct black margin and submarginal 
band which does not consist of isolated spots. Ground colour pale blue with a faint violet sheen, paler than in 
specimens from Carniola and S. Tyrol. The $$ show a distinct red-brown submarginal band. Underside very 
pale, bluish-white with somewhat larger black spots than Spanish specimens. — In the region of the coast in 
lunensis. the Gulf of Spezia Verity found a further race which he names lunensis. The Gd 1 show an unusually wide 
margin on hindwlngs whilst in contrast to ligurica Oberth. it is quite absent on forewings. The $$ are extremely 
dark and the yellow lunae are absent on upperside. Close by in Tuscany not far from the Abetone Pass a 
italorum. very large race occurs, the largest in Tuscany: italorum Vrty. The black margin is narrower than in the 
foregoing 2 races and the blue of the is more vivid. The black spots of underside are very small and the 
tuscana. median arcuate row very straight. — The race occurring in the neighbouring plains of Tuscany, tuscana Vrty., 
has a still narrower almost extinct black margin in the $ sex, this is particularly striking on the fore wings; on 
hindwlngs it does not reach to the black marginal spots which are without metallic centres on underside. The 
$$ show remarkable widely separated yellow marginal lunae on both sides of wings. As a variety we have 
alboradians. ab. alboradians Trti. from Sestole on the Lake of Budalone. The dU have the blue suffused with white and on 
hindwlngs the black marginal dots are cuneiform with white edge. — As a race of mid-Italy which is throughout 
latialis. smaller than most other italian races being only 24—26 mm expanse, Rostagno describes his latialis. It does 
not vary much from ligurica Oberth. but the dots and spots of the underside are larger. The race named by 
Verity as mira is identical with latialis. 
From the Apennines a w r hole series of races is established which in further research work will probably 
apennini- be further increased. From the Apuan Abruzzi we have apenninicola Vrty. In many respects it resembles 
cola. phUonomus Bergstr., but differs by the completely purely white underside of the $ and smaller size. — 
pallidula. pallidula Vrty. from the Sibillini Mountains at an altitude of 1700 m looks very pale in both sexes, like speci¬ 
mens that have been long exposed to the light in some old collection. The d'd' are glossy silvery-blue, widely 
white along the costa of fore wings, submarginal spots frequently with white ringlets. The $$ are either 
pale reddish-brown or grey, the latter frequently entirely or partially suffused with silvery-green scales and 
a white ring around the discoidal lunule of forewings as well as whitish streaks on hindwlngs. Underside is 
majellensis. pale grey with very small black spots and small yellowish-orange lunae. — majellensis Dannehl and 
dbruzzensis. abruzzensis Dannehl are the races from the Majella and the slopes of the Gran-Sasso. They are both only 
of small expanse, about 21 mm, being much more delicate than the closely related italorum Vrty. The black 
margin of forewings is scarcely of medium breadth, on hindwings it is so narrow that the marginal spots are 
widely separated from same. Underside very pale, mostly a nice white, base dusted with light blue and yellow- 
bands pale orange. The fringes are very wide in comparison to the size of the insect and pure white. The $$ 
of both forms are pale brown on underside, those from Majella almost always with well developed bands on 
upperside of both wings. On underside they are even bolder being very widely developed and always bordered 
inwards by a wide white band; a similar white band before the outer margin. The $$ from Gran-Sasso are 
less richly decorated with yellow-red bands and therefore easily differentiated; sometimes specimens are found 
that are unicoloured brown. Both races occur at an altitude of 1400—2200 m. — The races from Velino and 
sirentina. Sirente give us sirentina Dannehl, a larger race than the 2 before mentioned. Black margin very narrow but 
frequently extending over the surface of the wings like streaks or rays. Underside ground colour pure white, 
dusted with grey at base of wings and reaching to the discal row so that generally only a wide band remains 
between the arcuate row and the yellow marginal band. $$ incline to be pale brown. The fulvous band of 
hindwings generally well developed but absent on forewings. Underside shows a diffuse dull brown so that the 
calabrica. white band is not clearly pronounced. — The race from the Calabrian coastal region, calabrica Trti. (= cala- 
bricola Vrty.), is very large, 27—30 mm expanse and according to its entire appearance closely resembling 
the Japanese insularis Leech (Vol. 1, p. 300, pi. 78 d), so that same could best be classified to it. The black 
margin is very wide, underside vivid white with very large spots and markings. Verity has quite unnecessarily 
veris. given the designation veris for the 1st generation. 
orientalis. subsp. orientalis Tutt from Asia Minor and Persia is a race of medium size. have a more vivid 
blue than the central european argus\ black margin of forewings is inclined to be narrower, in a few speci¬ 
mens being even dissolved. This is the rule on hindwings where internerval black dots indicate the margin. 
$ $ are dark brown and development of orange lunae vary. Generally same are well developed on both wings 
but can be quite extinct on fore wings and much reduced on hindwings. Underside of $ is pale grey with 
whitish submedian band, well developed spot and dot markings. The $ is quite similar on underside but 
