LYCAENA. By Che. Bollow. 
lamasem. 
asturiensis. 
pheretiades. 
caerulea. 
caeca. 
micra. 
philebus. 
dscka (Jilt ai- 
CUS. 
plieretes. 
azurica. 
pupillata. 
minor. 
caeca. 
pharis 
arienita. 
armathea. 
26X 
greenish blue with a 2 mm wide dark margin, that of $ unicoloured brown. Underside of forewings is grey 
with striking large black cell spot. The 2nd ocellus of the postmedian row is situate below the cell spot. Hind- 
wings with outer area white, discal area brown and base more or less green. At cell end large white spots ; 
ocelli six and seven conjoined. —- subsp. lamasem Oberth. (16 b) from the neighbourhood of Ta-tsien-lu in 
Szechuan is deemed by Obebthur to be a separate species, but without a doubt it should be ranged to orbitulus. 
Upperside in both sexes shows blackish ground colour with white and brown checked fringes. Forewings to the 
extent of three quarters, hindwings half scaled with violet, so that there is only a wide black margin left. On 
underside the ground colour is grey brown, rather lighter grey on forewings, whilst a brownish tone predominates 
on hindwing. In each cellule on all wings there are two white spots, the one behind the other, situate internerv- 
ally. The proximal one is double as long and more than the one that is nearer the margin; both taper off 
towards the base and are rounded. There is a white cell spot on forewing; on hindwing a white spot close to 
costa and base and from base of wing a white streak extends almost to the margin nearly filling out the 
entire cell. 
L. pyrenaica Bsd. (Vol. 1, p. 307, pi. 79 g) according to the researches of Chapman is a distinct species to 
orbitulus, occurring concurrently with same. — Closely related to pyrenaica is asturiensis Oberth. from the Picos 
de Europa in the Spanish Pyrenees and classified under same as subspecies. It differs by a row of whitish dots 
lying internervally along the very fine black margin of all wings. The $ has the submarginal zone of all wings 
decorated with whitish triangular spots, the black discoidal spot on forewings with fine white border, on hind- 
wings with wide whitish nebula. Ground colour brown on upperside, pale ochre-brown on underside in both 
sexes. Black markings of forewings very pronounced and with whitish outlines; only a few whitish spots on 
hindwings and the wide whitish submarginal zone is bordered by a fine black marginal line. In the anal angle 
there are usually two small dark reddish brown spots. 
L. pheretiades Ev. (Vol. 1. p. 307, pi. 79 h). — $ ab. caerulea Gourv. from Pamir is a fine colour 
variation showing the forewings brown and hindwings suffused nearly all over by blue. — ab. caeca Gourv. 
shows the retrogression so often described in that all spots of underside show strong inclination to disappear. 
- Avinoff describes a smaller, more thinly scaled race from the eastern Pamir, which shows less silver lustre 
than name form and which he has named micra. Only the <$<$ are known to him, they have dark underside 
with small black ocelli with dainty white pupils and are characterised by the absence of submarginal markings 
on all wings. — subsp. philebus Fruhst. is a high alpine race from Kashgar. It is small and should be classified 
between pheretulus (79 h) and pheres Stgr. (Vol. 1, p. 308). Both sexes are still smaller than the smallest 
from Alai, whilst the brown-black margin is more extensive, the black cell end spot of forewings is more 
prominent than in other local races. On underside of hindwings the is richly decorated with a number of 
small black dots which are more numerous than in those from more westerly localities. The green base of wings 
is darker. — dschagataicus 0. B.-H. from Chotan is only known in $ sex. It expands only 23 mm and is Close 
to pheretulus Stgr. (79 h). Upperside metallic green, less bluish than pheretulus and with wide black margin. 
Underside of all wings dark grey with distinctly developed row of pupilled ocelli, also on hindwings, not white 
with faint evespots as pheretulus. 
L, pheretes Him. (Vol. 1, p. 308, pi. 79 h. i). As was to he expected Asia has provided a number of new 
races of this species that is distributed over the entire palaearctic area, although it is nowhere common. In this 
case also however there is insufficient material available for exhaustive research. — A $ ab. azurica Rowl.-Br. 
from Larche shows a black upperside (instead of cinnamon brown) with striking azure blue discoidal spot on 
forewings. Base of all wings heavily scaled with blue in the same shade as in <$. — ab. pupillata Musch. from 
Glarnisch shows all white spots of hindwings with pupils, as on forewings with the exception of the discoidal 
lunule. — ab. minor Musch. are small specimens with wing expanse of 23 mm from the same locality as the 
former and ab. caeca Gourv. from the Frutt in Oberwalden has all other ocelli and spots extinct with the 
exception of the black discoidal spot on forewings and the white middle streak on hindwings. — subsp. pharis 
Faroe. (Vol. 9, pi. 153 m) has a lustrous sky blue upperside with very distinctly checked fringes and is distinctly 
separable from the following artenita Fruhst. by the marking of the underside. — subsp. artenita Fruhst. (Vol. 9. 
pi. 153 m) from Mus-tag-ata, Yarkend and Beik in Hindu Kush is distinguishable from pharis by the lighter 
blue G6 and the more sharply outlined black margin to all wings. The $ has dark smoky brown colouration 
of upperside with very faint blue basal dusting on both wings. Underside of <$ is darker grey than in pharis ; 
black spot markings of forewings as in lehanus Mr. (79 i and Vol. 9, pi. 153 m); white spots of hindwings more 
roundish than in pharis. artenita differs from lehanus by the much fainter margin, as well as by the dark brown 
tone of the white and the dusky underside of hindwings of <$. — armathea Fruhst. (Vol. 9, pi. 153 1 as armathoa) 
occurs in June at an altitude of abt 4500 m around Shahidulla in South Chotan. It approaches asiatica Elwes 
from Sikkim, but the $ is not unicoloured brown-black as same, but has an extensive dark blue hue at base 
of all wings. In colouration of underside it closely resembles pheretes from the Engadin, but the hindwings are 
darker brown. The spots that are characteristic of pheretes are yellowish and more distinct than in artenita and 
