LYCAENA. By Che. Bollow. 
but differ by the more yellowish brown upperside, the less brilliant orange red submarginal spots, which are 
inclined to be dark yellow on both sides. Underside of 3 has the shade of creamy coffee colour and ground 
colour of $ is very pale reddish yellow. — The 1st generation ab. subornata Vrty. from the neighbourhood of the siihomatu. 
Pian di Mugnone differs from the 2nd generation by the white underside, such as occurs in specimens from 
Sicily, and the less well developed red lunule spots. — At the same time this subornata is the 1st generation 
of the following race subcalida Vrty. which is a mixture of gallica Oberth., calida Bell, and pallidefulva Vrty. and subcalida. 
is said to be the commonest and most widely distributed race of Mid and North Italy. —- ab. infraplumbens 
Vrty. is a dark lead-grey form without scarcely any admixture of reddish. It occurs among the 2nd generation 
intra- 
plumbens ■ 
in Tuscany, whilst ab. infracacaolica 
flies among the 1st brood in Tuscany and has a blue scaled base 
mfra- 
caeaolica- 
infra- 
candida. 
inhonora- 
on a chocolate brown ground colour of upperside. — In Syria and Asia Minor we find infracandida Vrty. a 
sub-race of ornata Stgr. which shows considerable variation both in regard to the size and brilliance of the 
yellow-red lunules on upper and undersides, and the pure white ground colour of underside. — inhonora Jacln. 
from central and South Russia has unicolourous dark brown 3<S and the $$ are also almost without red lunule 
spots like allous Hbn. (79 k) and calida Bell. — hakutozana Mats, was described from a 3 from Happa in Corea Imladozana 
as a species, but certainly should be classified to astrarche. Upperside is dark brown, costa narrowly white, 
discoidal lunule darker than ground colour. Fringes snow white, dark brown in the proximal half. Underside 
almost exactly as astrarche, but the submarginal red lunae are absent on all wings. 
L. cramera Erschsch. (Vol. 1. p. 309, pi. 80 a) hitherto held to be a subspecies of astrarche Bgsir. is 
however according to Verity’s researches a distinct species. It is distributed from the Canary Islands over N. 
Africa to the iberian peninsular. The name form is described from specimens of the 1st generation from the 
Canary Islands. This is apparent as the ground colour of underside is indicated as grey, whilst canatiensis Bell. 
(hitherto generally deemed to be synonymous with cramera) belongs to the summer generation and has a 
brown or dark yellow underside. — According to Verity 2 further races occur in Spain and Portugal. The race 
subcramera Vrty. occurs in May at an altitude of 1200 m in the Sierra Nevada, differing from the name type 
by the larger and brilliant red lunae. The exact opposite is the case with the other race aridogenita Vrty. which 
has very small and pale lunae. It occurs from mid June to September in Covilha in the Sierra da Estrella in Portu¬ 
gal at an altitude of 800—1000 m and around Cuenca in New Castile in September at 1200 m height. — The 1st 
generation has been named niinusornata Vrty. having very slight variations. — Also at the end of June and 
beginning of July specimens taken at Albarracin have been named by Verity subeanariensis. These however 
also occur around Barcelona and in the middle Atlas in Algeria according to the illustrations 4433 and 34 in 
Oberthur’s Et. Lep. Comp.; they form a transition of aridogenita and canariensis. — ab. lilliputana Oberth. 
is a dwarf race from Sebdou in Algeria and without justification was re-named sebdouica by Strand. delphica 
Wnulcowsky is a new name, that has become necessary for reasons of priority for alpim Stgr. nec Berce (Vol. 1, 
p. 309). — pallidecramera and pallidecanariensis Vrty. are 2 names Dr. Verity has kindly provided for forms 
still to be discovered, which he presumes occur in damp localities in Africa, bearing wide and pale lunules and 
which should be classified below his races minusornata and aridogenita. A kindlier provision for the future can 
scarcely be imagined! 
cramera. 
canariensis. 
subcramera. 
aridogenita. 
m mus- 
ornaia. 
sub- 
canariensis. 
lilliputana. 
delphica. 
alpina. 
pallide¬ 
cramera.. 
pallide¬ 
canariensis. 
L. eumedon Esp. ( = chiron Bolt.) (Vol. 1, p. 309, pi. 80 a). — ab. perversa Schultz has poorly developed 
yellow red marginal lunules in 3 sex on upperside and quite unicolourous black upperside without yellow red 
lunules in $. — ab. vittata Oberth. denotes forms showing the light streak on underside of hindwing constantly 
and pronouncedly, as appears to be a characteristic of the race of eumedon from E. Prussia. — ab. nigrostriata 
Musch. has the light streak of underside of hindwings intersected by a black streak. — ab. plurimacula Schultz 
shows supernumerary spots on underside of forewings, whilst subtusimpunctata Oberth. ( = caeca Courv., 
subtusimpunctata Favre) denominates the disappearance of basal and arcuate evespots on underside. — ab. 
alpicola described by Kolar from Davos in the Engadin is close to antiqua Stgr. (Vol. 1, 80 b) in regard to size, 
grey underside of wings and reduced markings. The white streak is only very faint, as all the other light 
markings and the ocelli incline to be extinguished. — allicola Nitz-sche can scarcely be differentiated from same 
and therefore scarcely justifies denomination. It occurs at Matrei in E. Tyrol. It is smaller than specimens 
from Lower Austria with faintly indicated red marginal spots on upperside and very reduced ocelli. — niaritima 
Oberth. is a 3 from the Maritime Alps with peculiarly coloured underside; this is a paler grey than speveri Husz. 
(80 b) with greenish dusted basal area on hindwings and a greenish dusted streak also in the proximal part. 
The arcuate ocelli of hindwings are situate in a fairly wide white band. — The race glaciata Vrty. discovered 
at Sulden at an altitude of 1800 m expands only 21—23 mm instead of 25—29 mm of a normal eumedon, also 
the wing contour is less elongated. The ground colour of upperside is a palish grey instead of the normal deep 
black or dark brown colour. The red maculae absolutely or nearly the same. — The name given by Stauder 
of meridionalis to denote a race occurring at an altitude of 1000—1500 m on the Mte Forito and the Aspromonte 
region is pre-occupied and must be altered into stauderi. The 3 is deep black on upperside, the $ deep black- 
eumedon. 
perversa. 
vittata. 
nigrostriata. 
pluri¬ 
macula. 
subtus¬ 
impunctata. 
alpicola. 
alticola. 
niaritima. 
glad at a. 
stauderi. 
