274 
LYCAENA. By Che. Bollow. 
icarus. 
liwida. 
albinos. 
courroisieri. 
supra- 
caeruiea. 
pseudo- 
cyllarus. 
tatimargo. 
albolimbaia. 
pnnctifera. 
rufo- 
punctata. 
albo- 
cuneata. 
caerulea- 
cuneata. 
ilavocinda. 
punctigera. 
fuliginosa. 
alboocellaia. 
parvi- 
puncta. 
crassi- 
puncta. 
multipuncta. 
pluripuncta. 
excessa. 
paucipunc- 
ta. 
vacua. 
postico- 
inocellata. 
subtus- 
minus- 
punctata. 
caeca. 
privata. 
bion. 
3- pundaia. 
4- pundata. 
5- punctata. 
biarcuata. 
arc.-basiel. 
Underside of forewings grey-brown. Veins darker in outer half of wings and a fine marginal line darker than 
ground colour. A large dark crescent mark with pale surround at cell end. The 5 ocelli of median row large, 
white and finely pupilled with black. Marginal spots diffusely pale grey. Hindwings verdigris, margin somewhat 
lighter grey than fore wings and with a row of light submarginal spots. A large light mark with dark centre 
at cell end and behind it 2 median spots. Upperside of $ deep dark brown with bluish dusting at base of wings, 
as well as a blue sheen on inner margin of hindwings. At anal angle a grey-blue spot with black pupil. Underside 
resembles that of $ but the wings are rather wider and markings more pronounced with heavier green on hind¬ 
wings. Submedian row of white spots complete, not 2 as in spots of inner submarginal row orange. 
L. icarus Rott. (Vol. 1, p. 312, pi. 80 f). Individual variations, as well as the inclination to form races 
have been the cause for very many — often superfluous — denominations of this common and brightly marked 
species. 
Colour variations are: $ ab. livida Gillm. the usual bright blue is replaced by a leaden grey-blue. 
Described from specimens from Speyer and Neustadt a. d. Hdt.; —- G ab. albinos Vrty. from Florence has quite 
pale white and bluish hindwings and margin of forewings of same colour, only the base of all wings shows the 
normal blue of the <$. Underside very pale grey, almost white and the orange spots are scarcely perceptible; — 
ab. courvoisieri Hirschke is a $ from Brack on the Leitha, showing upperside like the previous form only the 
usual icarus blue at base of wings, whilst the rest of the upperside of wings is considerably paler with a reddish 
sheen. On underside of all wings, all ocelli with the exception of basal spots are filled with red. Also the 
triangular submarginal spots of hindwings and the inner cuneiform marks are white instead of black. — ab. 
supra-caerulea Oberth. is a $ from Lambeze in Algeria with quite violet blue upperside, with wide orange red 
complete sub marginal band on all wings and margined by black cuneiform marks. Fore wings show a narrow 
margin running to a point at anal angle and which is dissolved on hindwings to marginal dots lying inter- 
nervally. — $ ab. pseudocyllarus shows a similar form of variation with heavily blue dusted basal area and is 
besides characterised by absence of the orange red spots on both sides of wings. — ab. latimargo Courv. are 
GG with much expanded black margin. The $$ form is just the opposite, it has costa of forewings and margins 
of all wings whitish and this is particularly noticeable at apex of forewings. — When the yellow-red marginal 
spots on underside are only narrow, pointing inwards, so that a sort of hylas like white margin is created, we 
have ab. albolimbata Baum. — G ab. punctifera Courv. from Bale and surroundings has larger black marginal 
spots on upperside of hindwing. — G ab. rufopunctata has 2 distinct red or orange-red spots on upperside at 
anal angle, which contrast nicely with the blue ground colour. Nettbtjrger notifies these as occurring at Beirut 
in Syria. — ab. albocuneata Cabeau is a £ with a white cuneiform mark on upper and undersides of hindwings 
spreading over 2 yellow lunae in middle of wings. — $ ab. caerulea-cuneafa Tutt is brown with a lilac dusted 
base, cuneiform mark and discoidal lunule on upperside of hindwings. — ab. flavocincta Rowl.-Br. is a $ from 
Lozere with rich brown upperside and a continuous row of orange coloured submarginal lunae. — $ ab. puncti¬ 
gera Aign. has 6 distinct black marginal spots on upperside of hindwings, a counterpart to the G ab. ’punctifera 
Courv. — ab. fuliginosa Courv. has the area of the red marginal spots duskily suffused. — ab. alboocellata Gillm. 
has white ocelli without black centres. — ab. parvipuncta Courv. are specimens with reduced ocelli and dots. - 
ab. crassipuncta Courv. shows an inclination to increase size of ocelli; —- the aberrations multipuncta and pluri¬ 
puncta serve to denote forms with an excessive number of ocelli; Gillmer creates the name ab. excessa for a 
similar form of aberration, having supernumerary eyespots on underside between the discoidal lunule and 
arcuate row or beyond same. — ab. paucipuncta Courv. is the opposite of these richly marked forms and is 
synonymous with semipersica Tutt; — ab. vacua Gillm. is without basal and arcuate eyespots on all wings and 
besides on hindwings without discoidal lunule and marginal dots. — The ab. postico-inocellata Gillm. without 
any ocelli on hindwings. — $ ab. subtus-minus-pumctata Oberth. (= carteri Harris) denotes specimens with only 
the arcuate row extinct on underside of hindwings. — ab. caeca Oberth. { = caeca Courv., caeca Gillm., duessel- 
dorfensis Strd.) is without basal and arcuate eyespots. — G ab. privata Schonf, from Kuchelbad near Prague 
has a normal upperside but with a very fine black margin. Underside also of normal ground colour, but of the 
usual markings only the black marginal spots are retained. In place of the basal and submedian spots and also 
of the discoidal lunule there are white spots. Only occasionally there are scarcely perceptible black dots retained, 
indicating a few of the spots of the arcuate row. — 3 ab. bion (Kolar i. 1.) Rbl. denotes the reduction of eyespots: 
spots at base of forewing are absent, as also are the vellow-red marginal spots. In place of same there is a 
longitudinal white streak stretching along the lower median nervure of hindwings almost t.o the base. From 
Bisamberg near Vienna. 
The following modifications in the number of basal eyespots (2 are taken as normal) have been 
named: the old iphis Mg. — unipunctata Courv. and icarinus Stgr. — impunctata Courv. — Further by Cotjr- 
voisier ab. tripunctata, quatuorpunctata and quinquepunctata. — To be classified under ab. polyphemus 
Esp. (Vol. 1, p. 313) and varying only very slightly from same, we have regnieri Andre, semiarcuata and arcuata 
Courv.; — whilst $ ab. biarcuata Fritsch is a duplication of the well known arcuata form. — ab. arcuata- 
