LYCAENA. By Chr. Bollow. 
basielongata Beuret has the 1st basal spot greatly extended and the 2nd conjoined with the seventh and eighth 
arcuate eyespot. — ab. analijuncta Beuret denotes the conjunction of the 4th basal spot with an additional anatijuncia 
supernumerary spot. - elongata Courv. denominates the form with extended (viz. distended) median eyespots. clongala. 
ab. subtns-maculis-extensis Oberth. are specimens with ocelli of underside of forewings extended in ray-like subtus- 
formation. — $ ab. subfus-radiata Oberth. from Besangon denotes the ray-like conjunction of basal and arcuate >uac ^.j*\ . 
eyespots of hindwings; synonymous with this is ab. striata Gillm. — ab. digitata Courv. is a radiata form with sublus- 
marks like fingers and ab. extrema Courv. denominates the extremest form of ray-like conjunction of basal radiata 
spots over the discoidal lunule with the arcuate ocelli and submarginal spots and dots. — A very nice form ', l / l ! . l / r l ( t '///,, 
from Geneva is nigro-cuneata Lacr. with rather pale underside and with whitish streaks in which, within the niyro- 
orange band, there are cuneiform black markings. — Small forms are nana Grand from Croatia of which the <$<$ cuneata. 
show a row' of minute dots before the margin of hindwings like celina Aust.; minima Rost. <£■ Zap. are dwarf 
forms from the neighbourhood of Rome and liliputana Strd. a dwarf form from Stuttgart. — In place of lucia UHputana. 
Cut. (Vol. 1, p. 312) lucetta Cul. is substituted, but the assumption that lucetta is a distinct species to icarus is lucetta. 
by no means a fact; similarly for reasons of nomenclature fuchsi Shelj. must be substituted for sibirica Fuchs fuchsi. 
(Vol. 1, p. 312). 
subsp. tutti Oberth. is the english race of icarus, which is distinguishable from continental specimens lutti. 
by its more extended and less truncate wing contour. In the A the underside is dark greenish grey and 
the upperside somewhat transparent and with a faintly rosy tinted blue. The $$ are usually blue with 
orange lunae internervally with black dots inwards, especially on hindwings. There is a whitish streak visible 
at apex of fore wings and also at the yellow-red band. — Verity designates the race from southern Europe as 
zelleri (= meridionalis Tutt) and not zellerica, as Verity named the race later. It is named after Zeller wdio zelleri. 
described it without denominating it in the Isis p. 154 in 1847. Tutt proposed to use the name meridionalis, 
but this name is superseded for reasons of nomenclature. In denominating the race Verity at the same time 
restricted the original area of distribution in that he gave the name celina Aust. to the Sicilian race of icarus, celina. 
although same is scarcely separable from the other italian races, zelleri has practically the same appearance as 
celina, only the $ has a slightly narrower black margin. ■— Tutt discriminated between the two generations 
giving the names vernalis and aestivalis. — Verity further creates a sub-race rasa for specimens from the vernalis. 
Mainarde mountains at abt. 500 m altitude, the AS have almost white undersides with reduced or almost aestivalis. 
absent grey dusting. Further ab. transferens Vrty. for an intermediate form occurring end of June and i m nsf evens. 
beginning of July between the 1st and 2nd generations. It is said to occur also in September. It would be idle 
to w'aste words over the justification for such names for forms and races that merge and show' practically no 
distinctive feature. — rufoprivata Vrty. from Sestrieres at 2035 m altitude is a race of which the $ and $ have rujoprivala. 
dull dark grey undersides with pale yellow marginal lunae and $ with widely silvery grey dusted upperside 
more than is usual in icarus $$. Fringes are snow r white. — ab. rosea Vrty. from the Apuan Alps are <$<$ with rosea. 
lilac upperside with slightly bluish gloss and a chestnut brown margin in place of the usual black. Underside 
shows reddish tinge and large bold orange lunae. — pulcherrima Vrty. is the 1st generation of subsp. celina Aust. pulcher- 
The has black marginal spots in contrast to the 1st generation vernalis Tutt of zelleri Vrty.-, the $$ are ruua. 
beautifully decorated with large vivid orange-red marginal lunae with blue surrounds. — ab. transvehens Vrty transvehens. 
from Montreale, Palermo occurs in June and the A has red submarginal spots on upperside, whilst the $ is 
without the nice blue of pulcherrima. — sardoa Wgn. the Sardinian race from Laconi has with somewhat sardoa. 
deeper blue than icarus. Underside of hindwings has brownish or brown scales in place of greenish basal dusting. 
Marginal lunae are brilliant yellow-red and eyespots sharply edged with white. Upperside of $ dusted with 
blue with large distinct yellow-red marginal lunae; fringes quite brown; ground colour of underside of all wings 
dark brown without greenish dusting at base of hindwings. The other white markings are chalky white. 
subsp. balearica Rbl. from Majorca and also from Minorca is a very small and yet lightly coloured race. $ balearica. 
varies only little from typical icarus, but the upperside is rather more glossy blue and a few specimens have 
marginal spots indicated at margin of hindwings (ab. celina Aust.). In the $ the vellow-red submarginal band 
extends over the entire wing. Underside varies somewiiat from brown to grey according to the generation. 
Eyespot dots w r ell developed. In the neighbourhood of Algiers a distinct race, rosina Holl occurs of which rosina. 
the are a a nice lilac blue on upperside with wide black margin and fairly long fringes with white extremities. 
As in many celina Aust. the spots of the underside are reflected through on upperside. The red cuneiform marks 
adjoining the black marginal spots on hindwings are the chief characteristic. — Stauder discovered a genuine 
dwarf race at Menah in the Djebel-Aures in Algeria. It is named menaherssis Std. and is only 16—18 mm menahensis. 
expanse. Upperside of <$ very dull blue and transparent, so that the dot marking of underside is reflected 
through. Margin only quite narrowly indicated with short fringes. On account of the reduced eyespots of 
underside the race is fairly close to semipersica Tutt. The ground colour is much paler than in name form and 
dusted somewhat greenish at base. Upperside of $ reminds one of rufina Oberth. (80 g) but without the wide 
or continuous submarginal lunae. taurica Venzmer which is described as a species from a A taken at Tchain- luurica. 
