LYC'AENA. By Che. Bollow. 
florenciae. 
h ylas. 
i car o ides, 
griseovio- 
laceus. 
brunnea. 
gabricl is. 
depau¬ 
per ata. 
albimargo. 
fuliginosu. 
apici- 
punctata. 
basipuncta. 
subtus- 
radiaia. 
minor. 
dorylas. 
(iroliensis. 
in icro- 
margarita. 
macro- 
margarita. 
correpia. 
albicans. 
clara. 
uclcnsis. 
castilla. 
at l anti ca. 
mcleagcr. 
seminigra. 
squalida. 
argentata. 
uni- 
punctata. 
punctata. 
aucta. 
obsoleta. 
radiata. 
falcata. 
alpium. 
278 
delicately indicated. Underside pale buff, markings better developed than in <$ but not so pronounced as in 
name form. 
L. florenciae Tytler (16 f) is very close to the Syrian isaurica Stgr. of which inspite of being so widely 
separated from same (it occurs on the Baroghil Pass in N. E. Chitral) it probably forms a race. Upperside of 
the only $ known shows a brilliant blue without grey admixture. Markings of underside are similar, but all 
spots on hindwings are larger and more striking, especially however those of the red submarginal lunules. 
L. hylas Esp. (Vol. 1, p. 314, pi. 80 i). — The 3 ab. icaroides Sauruck shows on upperside the colouration 
of an icarus $ and $ ab. griseoviolaceus Oberth. has a grey-violet hue on upperside. — $ ab. brunnea Vorbr. is 
quite brown without reddish marginal lunules and 9 ab. gabrielis Oberth. (= caerulea Courv.) has rich blue 
dusting like the <$. — ab. depauperata Std. from the Mte Faito has the black margin on upperside reduced to a 
fine line and underside like obsoleta Gillm. (Vol. 1, p. 314) nearly unicoloured grey without any black spots. - 
£ ab. albimargo Vorbr. differs by having white margins to wings on upperside, whilst ab. fuliginosa Vorbr. has 
dusky margins to underside. — $ ab. apicipunctata Hannem. from the Harz Mountains has a white spot at 
apex of forewings. This variation occurs in the name form as well as in the of metallica Favre (Vol. 1, 
p. 314). — basipuncta Trti. <L- Vrty. are specimens with 2 basal spots on undersides of forewings and $ ab. 
subtus-radiata Oberth. shows the median ocelli of underside diffusing and conjoining with marginal spots. - 
Tutt gives the denomination minor to especially small, dwarf forms. dorylas Schiff. (= enervis Vrty.) denotes 
the hylas occurring in May around Vienna and Klosterneuburg. This is a smallish and blackish race with 
narrow wings. The often has a pale blue upperside and underside is darker grey than in alpine races of this 
group. Upperside of $ is indeterminate brown. On underside both sexes show reduced black markings and 
insignificant orange spots. — The race tiroliensis Heydem. from Trafoi near Bolzano in the S. Tyrol scarcely 
differs on upperside from name form, whilst the underside is remarkable through the expansion of the yellow 
marginal lunae and the increase in the size of ocelli of forewings. The very large yellow marginal lunae are 
decorated inwardly with large pointed black cuneiform marks and outwardly by black marginal spots. They 
are rather fainter on fore wings than on hindwings. Ocelli especially on fore wings very large with white circum¬ 
scriptions and standing out clearly from the grey ground colour. — Verity has described 2 races micromargarita 
from Oulx, Cesana and Clavieres of 25—28 mm expanse and macromargarita from Valdieri of 30—32 mm 
expanse, which only differ by their size; they are said to be smaller than more northern races and have a more 
pearly grey underside instead of the dark grey of the north, whilst the orange lunae are larger and more vivid. 
Both races seem to correspond to tiroliensis Heydem., that is to say the differences are so small, that at the best 
they could only be termed aberrations. — The race from mid-Italy correpta Vrty. is also said to be smaller than 
name form, it never has such a dark underside as hylas and the markings appear to be reduced. The $ never 
shows blue dusting. Verity designates the race name correpta to the 1st generation from Tuscany, the Sibillini 
Mountains and Mainarde with expanse of 25—29 mm. For the 2nd and smaller brood, which is often only 21 mm 
but on an average 22—24 mm, he gives the name golgus Hbn. which was originally given to a Spanish dwarf 
race and with which it is identical. — According to Hemming the old name given by Boisduval albicans should 
be used for nivescens Kef. (Vol. 1, p. 314) and clara Ribbe belongs to this race. These are <$<§ from S. Spain 
having no black spots or red dots on underside of hindwings. — uclensis Melcon from Ucles (Cuenca) differs from 
albicans in that the two lower eyespots at least are missing from the median ocelli and a further one in the 
arcuate row. — castilla Fruhst. is smaller than the mid and southern european forms, upperside darker blue, 
underside brown-grey instead of whitish and red submarginal band indistinct. Castile. atlanfica Elw. is a 
race of hylas found in Morocco. The have the typical blue and show black marginal dots on upperside of 
hindwings. Both sexes have a wide and distinct white streak on underside. All have a wide band of 
orange coloured lunules on fore wings. 
L. meleager Esp. (Vol. 1, p. 314, pi. 81 a). — $ ab. seminigra Rbl. from the Weizkiamm near Gratz 
has a blue colour and only apex of forewing deep black widely to discoidal lunule. P ab. squaiida Vrty. from 
Mti Sibillini shows no blue on upperside; the white is suffused by a faint brownish grey shadow. — argentata 
Hartig is smaller than steeveni Tr. (81 a) with dark veins and whitish dusted discal and marginal areas. Discoidal 
lunules of all wings situate in a whitish nebula. Submarginal spots of all wings distinct. Underside precisely 
like steeveni. From S. Tyrol and Styria. — ab. unipunctata Rbl. has only one basal spot, whilst punctata Skala 
has one or two. — aucta Std. has a distinct additional basal spot on underside of hindwing. — ab. obsoleta Rbl. 
is quite without eyespots on underside of hindwings and radiata Courv. has a ray-like combination of eyespots 
with the marginal lunules. — falcata Std. belonging to the race macra Vrty. has heavily falcate margins to 
forewings. — The two following races described by Verity can scarcely be distinguished from steeveni and 
are insufficiently described like nearly all races of this author. The varying characteristics are so inadequately 
given that they cannot be recognised without a locality label and even then a distinction is difficult to observe. 
— alpium Vrty. from Oulx has $$ with wider margin to forewings and the black marginal spots on hindwings 
