LYCAENA. By Che. Bollow. 
280 
upperside of wings with less purple blue reminding one thereby of the mid-italian escheri. The $ is not such a 
dark brown as european escheri, but submarginal spots more yellow almost touching the margin of forewing. 
Ground colour of underside light clay colour in light buff in $>. Generally spots of underside are smaller. 
The row of triangular marks poorly developed especially on hindwings, also lunules fainter and not such a 
altlvoJans. vivid red: submarginal spots mostly reduced to faint minute streaks. — The race altivolans Vrty. belongs to 
Tuscany and the central italian mountain ranges below 900 m altitude. It reminds one by its smallness and 
the small spots and lunules of underside of rondoui Oberth. from the Pyrenees, but differs from same by the vivid 
blue of the <$, the orange spots of upperside of $ and finally by the very pure and often completely white underside 
hiratii. of the <$. — On the other hand turatii Vrty. is a very large race of 30—33 mm expanse from Salsomaggiore in the 
Province of Parma. Underside of is nearly completely white, that of $ brownish grey. All black markings 
are reduced like in rondoui Oberth. Orange lunules are small and pale forming a pale nebula around the black 
submarginal dots. The latter have strikingly metallic green pupils such as is not found in any other race. The 
9 has very reduced lunules on upperside. The blue scaled $$ that are named subapennina Trti. are relatively 
splendens. frequent in this race. - splendens Stef, from around Rome has <$<$ in which the blue is still more vivid, purer 
and more brilliant than in dalmatica Spey.-, black margin is delicate and narrow. — Verity still mentions 
microsticia . microsticta as a race from Cesana in the Cottic Alps and Annot in the Basses Alpes, which like the race 
rondoui- rondouidimidia from Gedre in the E. Pyrenees are best distinguished by their smallness. The $$ are said 
<timidin . j iave ( j ar p undersides and similar fringes. —• Verity found the race sicca on the dry mountains of Au- 
vergne, which closely resembles splendens Stef, from the neighbourhood of Rome. However it is of smaller 
and more dainty build and not such a vivid blue. The black margin is diminished and all black markings 
on both wings reduced. The lunules are very pale yellow. The underside is whitish grey. Also the 2 is 
generally darker than splendens 
bcllargus. L. bellargus Rott. (Vol. 1, p. 315, pi. 81 b). Innumerable of the usual Lycaenides aberrations have been 
named of this extremely variable and common species. — Variations in the colour of underside of both sexes 
pallescens. are differentiated: ab. pallescens Tutt whitish grey and hindwings with a tinge of yellowish; — fuscescens Tutt 
fuscescens. darker grev with heavily brownish hindwings and atrescens Tutt quite black-grey with black-brown underside 
utVOSCCYlS. ° ^ ° 
cxcelscia. t° hindwings. — According to the upperside of ab. excelsia Tutt silky glossy blue upperside or pearly blue 
purpur- with silky sheen. purpurascens Tutt glossy blue with strong purple or violet tone. - argentea Tutt & 
rrqntfca 11 ' ce s ’l ver .v grey with bluish sheen. — ab. nigra Cock, with lead-grey dull surface of upperside. These variations 
nigra. as also pallida Tutt, it is said, can be artificially produced. — viridescens Tutt is a <§ form with greenish blue 
viridesc-ens. iridescent upperside and hyacinthus Lewin is a nice hyacinth blue and especially distinguishable by the absence 
hyacinth us. 0 j? ^ke dark spotted extremities of veins on hindwings which otherwise coincide with the dark spots of 
detersa. the fringes. — ab. detersa Vrty. has silvery white upperside with black marginal spots and orange spots 
on hindwings. Underside palish grey appearing somewhat rubbed. The white surrounds to ocelli diffuse 
supra- in the grey of ground colour. Submarginal spots extinct. — - supra-violaceo-grisescens Oberth. is of a remark- 
violaceo- a bi e co lour shading, it is suffused with grey-violet and thereby has a pale reddish sheen in certain light. 
courvoisieri. — courvoisieri Sid. is a very dull dark sky-blue and underside is similarly dusky. — plumbeus Courv. can 
scarcely differ from suffusa Tutt and nigra Cock, and such denominations are a matter of personal taste. 
brunnes- — The $ is not behind the <$ in these denominations, as the following will show: ab. brunnescens Tutt has 
cens - a distinctly brownish ground colour and nigreseens Tutt generally black-brown, especially in 1st brood; in 
both forms the blue scaling can be completely absent or spread about in patches more or less over the whole 
metallica. area of the wing. — metailica Tutt shows a pronounced metallic lustre over the adonis blue of the more 
rjrisea. or less extensive scaling. — $ ab. grisea Courv. shows a grey sheen especially at apex of forewings. — caerulea 
albinismo- Courv. is identical with ceronus Esp. (81 c). — ab. albinistno-aufescens Oberth. is a $ from Vienna making an 
rufescens. albinotic impression. Ground colour of upperside is yellowish with a tinge of reddish, all other markings 
normal, although somewhat pale. 
Number and arrangement of spots and markings are subject to the variations that occur in all Lycae- 
phiri- nides and in both sexes. — Forms with additional ocelli are named ab. pluripuncta Courv. ( = niesiolowskii Priiff.) 
V pauci- ant ^ w ^h reduced number of ocelli ab. paucipunda Courv. — The shape of the spots is strikingly enlarged in 
puncta. crassipunda Courv. and reduced in parvipunda Courv. — When the basal ocelli and eyespots of arcuate row do 
crassi- no t appear to have black pupils it is ab. alboocdlata Tutt and when the reverse is the case so that the white sur- 
V parv\ - rounds are missing from the black pupils of these two rows of ocelli we have ab. nigro-ocellata Tutt. — If the arc- 
puncta. uate row has additional ocelli it is addenda Tutt and when ocelli are missing from the normal number it is obsoleta 
alboocellafa. gn U ff — cinnus Hbn. has spots on underside, of hindwings without pupils. — Synonymous with sapphirus Mg. 
oceliata. (Vol. 1, p. 315) are ab. bellargoides Stef., impunctata Courv. and weileri Std. — caeca Courv. is identical with 
addenda, krodeli Gillm. and also cinnoides Favre will not be materially different. — punctulata Courv. is the same as puncta 
°cfn!ms Tutt ( Vol. 1, p. 315). — ab. analoga Std. are specimens with equally heavily developed ocelli markings onunder- 
analoga. sides of fore and hindwings. — The basal spots have given rise to the following names : ab. unipunctata Courv. with 
uniip nnc- 
iata 
