CARCHARODUS. By M. Gaede. 
309 
C. tauricus Rev. Similar to lavatherae. Both wings are darker, browner. The large spot at end of cell 
on liindwings is narrower, the streak behind same scarcely indicated, the spot below the lower median nervure 
somewhat quadrate. Both spots on costa of liindwings are absent, the band is narrower. Below the main spot 
there is a smaller spot which is situate further outwardly than in lavatherae. The underside is somewhat paler 
than the upperside. The submarginal row of spots on liindwings is distinct. Taurus. 
€. altheae Hbn. (Vol. 1, p. 335, pi. 85 a). The old race floccifera Z. which is resuscitated by Verity, 
is somewhat smaller than type. Ground colour on upper and undersides often faintly suffused with yellow- 
red, paler than in swiss specimens. The black spots are smaller and not so deep in colour. Sicily. It is not 
ascertainable from this description as to the generation to which it refers and also whether it is really in reference 
to altheae. — fulvipinnulis Vrty. is said to represent the 2nd generation in Tuscany. The tuft of hairs on underside 
of forewings in the $ is a brilliant yellow-red, on the other hand in the 1st and 3rd generations it is more or 
less black. Ground colour of underside is generally paler. — australiformis Vrty. is the 3rd generation from S. 
Europe, smaller, colours contrast more brightly. This name should also suffice for the 2nd generation in spite 
of the minute but actual difference. 
C. baeticus Rmb. (Vol. 1, p. 335, pi. 85 a). The examination of the genitals has determined that 
baeticus is a separate species. Originally Rambur described same as marrubii but subsequently withdrew this 
name. We are making use of the usual name and not the original name in agreement with Vol. 1 although 
according to the law of priority we should use the latter. — octodurensis Oberth. occurs in the most northerly 
locality of the species in the Valais. It has a paler, wider, discal band on liindwings. Oberthur mentions 
expressly ‘‘Fruhstoreer would have named the race octodurensis ” but as he also illustrates same, he himself 
has given this name against his will. One cannot be careful enough, under certain circumstances one is forced 
into being an author. — oberthiiri Vrty. is a name given to old specimens in the collection of Bellier from 
Sicily. The forewings are very pale and thereby the entire markings are very indistinct. As the colours have 
possibly changed with time, this name is only of conditional value. — rostagnoi Vrty. is smaller, darker, more 
brown and less green than the typical Spanish race, similar to the race from the Pyrenees. Oricola in Latium. 
As the species otherwise does not occur in Italy, the author is in doubt as to whether it is really a baeticus race. 
— In Marseilles there are 3 generations which naturally have each received a name. The 1st has a pale grey 
tone on upper and undersides and the band of the hindwings on underside is steely grey: grisea Vrty. Similar 
specimens occur in the Pyrenees and in Granada. The 2nd generation is more yellow-red on upper and under¬ 
sides, but the dark spots on upperside are not so wide as in the 1st generation. The bands on underside are dull 
yellow: fulvescens Vrty., which can scarcely be differentiated from baeticus. — The 3rd generation comes between 
the other 2 in point of colour but can always be separated by its smallness; aegra Vrty. Among fulvescens one 
sometimes finds specimens with a moss-green upperside; viridescens Vrty. — The 1st generation in Spain is 
also grisea, the 2nd baeticus (= fulva Vrty.). This is at all events probable: such exact particulars in regard to 
the generations as are now given, were formerly neither customary nor necessary. The 3rd generation is not 
yet known. 
C. stauderi Rev. Similar to baeticus but not so heavily suffused with violet, more brownish. The 3 
apical spots decrease in size from margin to base, or the middle one is as large as the outer one. In baeticus 
the middle spot extends towards the base and is thereby the largest. In stauderi the outer spot below the lower 
median nervure is situate between the 2 spots at end of cell, whilst in baeticus it lies below the outer of the 2. 
On hindwings the spots of the discal row are smaller, owing to being shorter outwardly, so that the distance 
from the sub marginal row appears larger than in baeticus. On upperside the forewings are paler, on underside 
the hindwings. In same the veins are not white and the discal band uniformly narrower than in baeticus. 
Algeria and Tunis. — The Syrian form has been illustrated by Oberthur, who however did not deem it 
necessary to denominate same. It is named ambigua Vrty. — Among the 1st generation ( stauderi ) there are 
specimens with pale grey tone with a slight violet sheen: obscurata Vrty. — The 2nd generation in Algeria is a 
brilliant red-brown on upper and undersides. On upperside of forewings there is no greenish grey admixture. - 
This can be replaced by nut-brown and the spots on both wings, that are otherwise black, are a rich dark brown. 
On underside of forewings the black markings are not mixed with greenish but bestrewn with red scales. The 
ground colour of hindwings is reddish salmon: fulvissima Vrty. 
C. barcaeus Trti. The smallest <$$ and $$ of this species are always larger than the largest and $$ 
of baeticus and stauderi. The contour of the wings is more truncate. Ground colour more uniformly dusted 
with olive-green. The spots of the discal band are less widely separated by the veins. On underside the spots 
are pale dull orange on whitish ground colour, in some $$ almost rose, in others less pronouncedly and very 
like the similarly shaded underside of lavatherae. On upperside of forewings the 3 apical spots form a lunule 
which is incurved in the middle, similar to altheae, the middle spot is the largest. Of the 3 hyaline spots the 
one in the cell is double, the 2nd one is situate below same and the 3rd somewhat beyond the disco-cellular 
nervule. The pale basal band is more diffuse than in stauderi and baeticus. The marginal spots and streaks 
below the subapical spots are similar to stauderi. On upperside of hindwings the spots of the discal row are 
somewhat larger than in stauderi but nevertheless Well separated and the submarginal spots are more distinct. 
In the fringes in barcaeus the pale and dark sections are almost uniformly wide on the forewings and fairly wide 
white dentations on the hindwings, somewhat as in altheae. Cyrenaica. 
tauricus. 
altheae. 
floccifera. 
fulvi¬ 
pinnulis. 
australi¬ 
formis. 
baeticus. 
octodurey.- 
sis 
oberthur i. 
rostagnoi. 
grisea. 
fulvescens. 
aegra. 
viridescens. 
stauderi. 
obscurata. 
fulvissima 
barcaeus. 
