312 
HESPERIA. By M. Gaede. 
nigrita. 
lycaonius. 
fulvo- 
saturata. 
plurimacu¬ 
la. 
mohammed. 
nhmed. 
proleus. 
cilbata. 
slaudingeri. 
cribrellum. 
tesselloides. 
incompleta. 
nobilis. 
kuenlunus. 
leuzeae. 
tessellum. 
heavily scaled with white on underside of forewings so that the normal dark ground colour is covered thereby 
and the white marginal lunules are indistinct. On underside of hindwings the white marking is more extensive 
and more diffuse, rubea Sag. and fenestrata Sag. vary only slightly. Albarracin. — Querci even claims to have 
ascertained 3 generations in Albarracin. We cannot decide here who is right. According to Verity one should 
write proto O. instead of proto Esp. — nigrita Vrty. are very small, 18—22 mm. Upperside uniformly dark, 
all white markings reduced. Underside of hindwings pale yellow admixed with black scales having in certain 
specimens a greenish sheen. Cuenca (Castile). — lycaonius Wagn. This eastern race reminds one somewhat 
of mohammed Oberth. (Vol. 1, pi. 85 e). It differs on upperside from typical proto by the denser yellowish-white 
dusting and white submarginal spots. Underside is reddish dull yellow or sand coloured. Anatolia. — An 
aberration from Algeria in which the markings on upperside are more or less suffused with yellowish-red has 
been named fulvosaturata Vrty. Verity presumes that this is a 2nd generation but Warren does not agree with 
this as proto is single brooded in the South. — In the Pungeler Collection there are 2 specimens from Palestine 
named proto which are perhaps different. On the upperside of forewings in the discal row the 3rd spot commences 
at the extremity of the 2nd, also the 4th appears to be situate further outwards, both are smaller. The 7th to 
9th spots (the 3 apical spots) are curved inwards in proto , here the 8th spot is inclined to be situate somewhat 
further outwardly. On underside of forewings behind the disco-cellular nervule there is a long pale streak 
stretching to the apical spots which is not present in proto, or only faintly so, whilst behind the 2nd spot of the 
discal row the small outer spot is absent, which is always present in proto. 
H. plurimacula Chr. in Vol. 1. p. 337 was only dealt with as a form of staudingeri. It is now considered 
to be a separate species. 
H. mohammed Oberth. (Vol. 1, p. 337, pi. 85 e) is a separate species and not a form of proto. 
H. ahmed Oberth. Base of forewings dusted with green. The 2 first spots of the discal row are short, 
the 3rd and 4th approximately the same size. The marginal row on both wings is small, pronounced, white as 
the other spots. Hindwings with more sharply outlined spots than customary. Underside of forewings olive- 
grey-green and not blackish as in mohammed and proto ; yellowish white at the margins and not orange-yellow, 
so that the hindwings vary considerably; here besides the 2 basal spots there is an additional costal spot. Algeria. 
3. staudingeri- Group (Reverdinia Warr.). 
H. proteus Stgr. (Vol. 1, p. 337, pi. 85 d). This species with its sub-form prometheus must be separated 
from staudingeri. plurimacula Christ, which formerly was classified here by Mabille has already been men¬ 
tioned above. 
H. albafa Rev. This species is established from 2 poorly preserved specimens so that it is impossible 
to give an illustration. The author compares it with staudingeri and plurimacula. In consequence of the 
unusually large spots there is the possibility that it belongs to struvei Pnglr. According to the description the 
only difference is that in struvei there is no incurving of the marginal row of spots behind the cell on the upper- 
side of hindwings. Ili. 
H. staudingeri Spr. (Vol. 1, p. 337). According to Oberthur this species also occurs in Algeria, it is 
described from Turkestan. 
4. cribrellum- Group ( Favria Tutt). 
H. cribrellum Ev. (Vol. 1, p. 337, pi. 85 e). tesselloides Warr. denotes specimens in which the white 
spots of the marginal row of underside of hindwings are separated and not as is generally 7 the case confluent 
forming a band. Sarepta. — In incompleta Warr. the 2 small spots in the discal row behind the cell are absent 
on the upperside of forewings. Altai. 
5. tessellum- Group ( Tuttia Warr.). 
H. nobilis Stgr. (Vol. 1, p. 337, pi. 85 e). — kuenlunus Gr.-Grsh. is described by the author in a 2 lined 
description as a form of gigas. This description is much too short to enable one to be certain as to its position. 
W arren classifies same as a race of nobilis. 
H. leuzeae Oberth. (Vol. 1, p. 337, pi. 85 e). The description can be somewhat amplified from 2 specimens 
in the Pungeler collection. The discal row on the forewings contains 4 apical spots. Somewhat inwards from 
the 1st there is still a further minute spot. The marginal row is more incurved at the median nervure than is 
shown in the illustration. The base of underside of hindwings is not white, the 2 green-brown bands are wider 
than the enclosed white band, all 3 are straight, there are green-brown spots in the white marginal area. 
Teniet-el-Had. 
H. tessellum Him. (Vol. 1, p. 337, pi. 85 e, f). This species is generally larger than the similar cribrellum. 
The white spots are small and especially those of the discal band are well separated. In cribrellum they are only 
