314 
HESPERIA. By M. Gaede. 
of discal band on underside of hindwings varies characteristically in onopordi. — olivacea Oberth. and atrata 
extcnsa. Vrty. resemble carlinae. — extensa Warr. has main spot of discal band on underside of hindwings narrowly 
fasciata. elongated inwards, varying in shape. — fasciata Warr. has a spot between median and lower median nervures 
caeca, in discal row on underside of hindwings, forming a band. This occurs especially in — caeca Trti. <b Vrty. 
are especially $$ with spots more or less extinct. 
a, 1 reus. H. alveus L. (Vol. 1, p. 339, pi. 85 h). With narrower forewing than the very similar foulquieri Oberth. 
The outer margin of forewing uniformly curved, in foulquieri it is fairly straight from near lowest subcostal 
nervure to anal angle. Ground colour more uniformly blackish brown in alveus, spots small and irregular, 
discoidal lunule narrow. In foulquieri ground colour is cloudy and lighter, especially in spots larger, more 
or less quadrate, lunule wider and often of “I” shape. In alveus markings on upperside of hindwings 
only very faint, whilst in foulquieri they are distinct and often white. On underside ground colour generally 
yellowish or yellowish green in alveus, discal spot narrow; in foulquieri ochreous, spot generally wider and 
more diffuse, armoricanus is smaller and white spots also relatively smaller. On underside the ground colour of 
forewings is dark, often blackish, the hindwings yellowish, never orange-yellow and the white markings there are 
small, whilst even in small alveus, they remain large, so that just very small alveus show considerable variation 
from armoricanus . Such alveus that have the 3rd basal spot on underside of hindwings rounded off, can be separated 
from serratulae by the size of the basal spots. In alveus spots 3 and 4 of the discal row are well separated on 
upperside of forewings and sjiot 6 is widely apart from spot 7, whilst in serratulae they are more closely aproxi- 
mated. The upperside of carlinae is cloudy and paler, the spots less clearly defined, more markings on hindwings. 
The form sifanicus Gr.-Grsh., described already in Vol. 1, does not differ on upperside from alveus, underside 
of forewings is paler on the average, the spots of the discal row have black edges. The ground colour of underside 
of hindwings is uniform, the veins are visible between the white spots, as in serratulae. The white spots are 
very large, even for alveus. The form creates a note-worthy transition to the species schansiensis Rev., which 
accrcta. is dealt with below. accreta Vrty. is a large race (30 — 32 mm) like foulquieri. Upperside of forewings with 
cloudy effect. Base and outer margin grey in G, yellow-green in The white spots of discal row larger than 
in alveus, but similarly situated. Hindwings with distinct discal and marginal rows. Base on underside of 
forewings is grey, the spots of the discal row large. Ground colour of hindwings is yellowish, paler than in 
alveus and more irregular. The spots of basal and discal rows are large, the latter slightly edged v r ith black; 
■pyrcncial- the veins are paler than the ground colour. Gavarnie, Cauteret at an altitude over 1000 m. — pyreneialpium 
ptum. y r fy | s a sub-form of this from Gedre, High Pyrenees, the underside of which is olive-green bestrewn with black 
scales. Underside of forewings besides is more extensively white and is thereby similar to the species (?) 
bellieri Oberth. — As however the typical accreta also occurs in Gedre, this new name appears to be superfluous. 
In the Cottic Alps (Susa) another large race occurs, that on underside reminds one of accreta ; it is 
named magnalveus Vrty., a name that also seems superfluous. — An alveus race occurs in the Sierra Nevada, 
which according to Verity closely resembles the species numida. In the $ the anvil-shaped mark is absent on 
underside of hindwings, whilst in $ it is very pronounced. Otherwise the race is the purest Proteus. The 
variation of the underside is as great as in centralhispaniae, resembling carthami. The club of the antennae is 
a lively red, with a black streak at the tip. The white spots on upperside of wings are very large in G, whilst 
insignia- the $ appears dusky in comparison. As types of this new form insigniamiscens Vrty. the two illustrations of 
unseats. Qberthur Nos. 2424 and 2431 *) are indicated. As Warren has not examined these, the name is somewhat 
central- uncertain. - eetltralhispaniae Vrty. is an extreme accreta. Forewings heavily marked, the spots of the discal 
hispaniae. row SO mewhat quadrate. Hindwings of $ extremely distinctly marked, of $ not better than in typical alveus. 
Underside of forewings paler than alveus, only being darker along and between the spots. Hindwings coloured 
similarly to carthami and with cloudy effect, the white spots mostly edged with black. Canales, Cuenca, Sierra 
necaccreta. Nevada and Alfacar. — Another race from Catalonia: necaccreta Vrty. is somewhat similar to jurassica Warr., 
the white spots of upperside are identical, i. e. coming in their extensiveness between alveus and accreta. Under- 
ceniral- side corresponds to that of accreta. — centralitaliae Vrty. is the smallest form (25 — 28 mm) next to ryffelensis. 
italiae. Spots on upperside of forewings are well developed, varying on hindwings, but when they are present, the discal 
band is narrower. On underside the spots are as large or larger than in alveus, the discal band on hindwings 
tvarrensis. also being generally narrower. Mid-Italy. — warrensis Vrty. (25—27 mm) is uniformly dark brown. All spots 
on forewings are punctiform, spot 5 of discal row is often absent. On hindwings the discal and marginal rows 
are faintly discernible. Base of forewings of $ faintly golden. Underside of forewings diffusedly grey, the white 
spots larger than on upperside, diffuse and not contrasting strongly. Hindwings yellowish, discal band narrow, 
the spots without undulate edge; the spot between the subcostal nervures 7 and 8 when larger extends towards 
the outer margin and not towards base. The form does not occur at a lower altitude than 1500 m and is limited 
to the Grisons (Lenzerheide) and Larche. Specimens from Zermatt do not belong to warrenensis\ specimens 
from that locality which were formerly held to be ryffelensis Oberth., should now be named scandinavicus Strd. 
reverdini. — reverdini Schaiv. (= trebevicensis Warr.) (16 k) is somewhat larger than type. Ground colour of upperside 
is lighter, brown, not almost black, the white markings are bold. All white markings of underside are wider. 
jurassica. Hindwings paler yellow. Bosnia. — jurassica Warr. is between alveus and accreta. The white spots are large, 
*) In L^p. Comp. Yol. 10, plate. 295. 
