HESPERIA. By M. Gaede. 
315 
formis. 
armori¬ 
canus. 
those of the discal row quadrate, the 6th spot that is usually small is here often the largest. Hindwings as type. 
Underside of forewings normal, hindwings pale orange-yellow, somewhat spotted, discal hand occasionally 
narrower than normal, basal spots smaller. The veins appear paler and stand out; this is a chief characteristic, 
as in typical specimens the veins are scarcely noticeable. Saleve (Geneva). — kansuensis Rev. described from A ansuensis. 
a single and imperfect <$, possibly a separate species. The discoidal lunule and discal streak are more distinct 
on forewings. Spot 5 of discal row is scarcely fainter than spot 6. Underside of forewings is pale grey, whitish at 
margins. Hindwings yellowish grey. The shape of the spots seems scarcely different from alveus. <$ 24 mm. 
Richthofen Mountains. — extensa Warr. has the discal spot on underside of hindwings elongated inwards. On extensa. 
this account, unless one can see the locality label, it is almost impossible to differentiate from numida. 
serratulaeformis Warr. The 3rd basal spot on underside of hindwings is oval or round and thereby similar to serraiulac- 
serratulae, but the pale veins are always decisive in classifying as an alveus form. — lineata Rev. The 1st spot 
of the discoidal row and also of discal row on upperside of forewings are confluent forming a long streak. - 
scandinavicus Strd. (= albens Vrty., alticola Rbl., ryffelensis Oberth., serratuloides Heinr., suffusa Strd.). All scandi- 
these names denote specimens with small spots on upperside of fore wings, such as occur in all mountainous 
regions. According to Warren also ballotae Oberth. belongs here, but the only specimen in the Pungeler 
Collection has by no means small spots, whilst on the other hand the similarity of the ground colour on underside 
of hindwings with that of forewings is striking. — foulquieriformis Vrty. occurs among centralitaliae and foulquieri- 
can scarcely be separated from foulquieri except by locality label and genitals. — thomanni Rev. denotes a ^ 
very remarkable specimen. On forewings the usual white spots are darker than the ground colour, hind¬ 
wings almost normal. Underside of fore wings more heavily greenish yellow, on hindwings the light spots merge 
in the ground colour being still more extensive than in foulquieri. — bellieriformis Vrty. captured at Sulden bcllicri 
among scandinavicus. Upperside lightly dusted with white. Underside of forewings a heavy diffuse white and 
with a wide white band on hindwings. Classified to alveus on account of similarity of genitals. 
H. numida Oberth. Described as an alveus form. Upperside almost identical with alveus, underside like numida. 
cinarae. The 2nd basal spot on underside of hindwings and the anvil-shaped main spot of discal band remind 
one of onopordi. Marginal spots elongated, especially the one behind the cell. Algeria. 
H. armoricanus Oberth. Similar to a small alveus. Distributed over the entire central and southern 
Europe, but formerly not observed. Also one specimen from Algeria in the Pungeler Collection seems to belong 
here. — armoricanus occurs chiefly on the plains, alveus more in the mountains. The 3rd discoidal spot is always 
absent on fore wings, often also the 2nd. The discal row is complete, spot 6 is well separated from spot 7, spot 5 
is nearer spot 4 than 6, the discal spot is thin, generally diffuse, 1—2 subcostal streaks are present. On hindwings 
the light discal band is varyingly distinct, the marginal row is generally formed of small but distinct dots. 
Underside of forewings is grey, darker in discal area, the discal spot is usually narrow, sharply white, spots of 
discal row complete. Hindwings yellowish to brownish orange, veins lighter. Varies from alveus by its smallness, 
whilst the white markings are almost always large. The discal band of hindwings is narrower but clearer, 
marginal spots are smaller and rounder than in alveus. On underside of hindwings the discal band is narrower, 
somewhat diffusedly outlined above lowest subcostal nervure, the veins stand out more prominently than they 
ever do in alveus. Differs from foulquieri by the narrow and precise discal spot on underside of forewings. In 
comparison with onopordi the marginal spots on upperside of hindwings are small, round and well separated, 
in onopordi they are inclined to be confluent. On underside the discal spot differs, on hindwings the spots 
between median and lower median veins are small, well separated, no spot has a black border, the veins 
distinct and light as in armoricanus. If the discal spot is elongated inwards, then the elongation is never so 
extensive or pointed as in onopordi. In comparison with fritillum the 1st spot of the discal row on underside 
of hindwings is longer, if an intersection is indicated, it is into two approximately equal parts, in fritillum the 
spot is more pointed towards apex, sometimes “8” shaped. The generally has somewhat larger white spots 
on upperside, the $ shows golden to golden green dusting. — persica Rev. differs in the genitals from armoricanus , per. 
otherwise scarcely to be differentiated except by a slightly paler underside. Greece, Asia Minor, Persia, 
prostanae Pfeiff. is a central Anatolian race, which differs on upperside of forewings by wider white spots, on prosianac. 
hindwings they are confluent forming a discal band. The dark brown ground colour is heavily bestrewn with 
white, especially in centre of forewings. On underside the spots are with sharp outline and also wide; ground 
colour of hindwings in olive green and not reddish brown. Found on stony slopes with sparse vegetation. - 
fulvoinspersus Vrty. (= tersa and rufosatura Vrty.) somewhat darker underside, generally the 2nd generation, fulvoinspcr- 
Mid-Italy. — In onopordiformis Vrty. the 1st spot of discal band on underside of hindwings approximately 
as in onopordi , i. e. somewhat more heavily incised at end near base. — erservata Vrty. dusted with grey and white 0,i °^ n * n - s 
on upperside, paler on both sides. — The extensa form also occurs here, similar as in alveus. — In Catalonia the cnervata. 
1st generation is the typical armoricanus , the 2nd corresponds to fulvoinspersus. A few of these have very black un- e ' r/e>hsa - 
dersides to fore wings and hindwings a chocolate brown and these are named cacaotica Vrty. Typical from Camaione. cacaotica.. 
The 3rd generation is very variable. — petheri Rom. varies considerably. The light markings on upperside are fainter, petheri. 
but the fringes are scarcely intersected by black. Underside of hindwings is considerably lighter yellow-red than 
otherwise occurs in Spain and the forewings are like tersa from Italy because they are without brown dusting as 
is usua l in Spain, the spots thereby contrasting only slightly. This is a weak small autumn form from Cuenca. 
rsica. 
