316 
HESPERIA. By M. Gaede. 
foulquieri 
bcllieri. 
picena. 
suprabel- 
lieri. 
cxtensa. 
iliensis. 
fritillum. 
iberica. 
martorelli. 
herrichi. 
siciliac. 
cxtensa. 
cinarac. 
clorinda. 
cxtensa. 
schansien- 
sis. 
r ever dint. 
H. foulquieri Obertln. Also similar to alveus. The 1st and 2nd sjDots of the discoidal row can be present, 
the others correspond to alveus. The discoidal lnnule often resembles an “I”, the narrow shaft is often indented, 
if wider then often incurved. The discal row is complete, spots quadrate, about of same size, only the 5th smaller 
or absent. The discal spot is much wider than in alveus and not sharply outlined. Ground colour cloudy and 
especially in $ heavily greenish yellow, except close to margin between the 2 cell spots where it is blackish. On 
hindwings there are greenish yellow obscure bands behind base and behind the middle next to the marginal 
spots. Forewings pale grey on underside, darker in the middle, all spots bold, also the above-mentioned obscure 
discal spot. The 3 basal spots on hindwings are large, the 3rd one approximately quadrate; discal row bold, 
only between median and upper median nervures punctiform spots; marginal row faint. Ground colour greenish 
brown, veins in discal band similarly. The differences from alveus are mentioned there. Differs from armoricanus 
on upperside by the lightly cloudy ground colour, on underside of hindwings by the outwardly incised spot 
in discal row. cinarae also has the cloudy effect, but much larger spots and especially a heavy discoidal lunule. — 
foulquieri occurs in S. France and N. Italy, but not in Switzerland. 27—30 mm. — bellieri Oberth. is lighter on 
upper and undersides. On underside of hindwings the discal band is much wider. Larche, Abruzzi, Mti. Sibil- 
lini. — picena Vrty. is smaller, less well developed and with duller colouration. Hindwings with wider light 
bands. Underside like foulquieri. Mti. Sibillini. — suprabellieti Vrty. is as light as bellieri on upperside, with 
as narrow bands as foulquieri on underside. From the same locality. — extensa Warr. also occurs here, correspond¬ 
ing to the same form of alveus and armoricanus, see p. 315. 
H. iliensis Rev. According to the author it is not definitely ascertained whether iliensis has already 
evolved into a separate species from alveus. The spots are larger. The two 1st spots of discoidal row large and 
distinct; the discoidal lunule similarly large and quadrate. The 2nd spot of discal row in comparison to spots 
1 and 3 is not situate so far outwardly as normal in alveus. Ground colour of underside as in alveus. On hind¬ 
wings veins 6 and 7 of same colour as ground colour and thereby the intermediate spot of discal row is isolated; 
the spot between median and lower median nervures appears to be nearer base. Ili territory. 
H. fritillum Hbn. (Vol. 1, p. 339, pi. 86 a). The variety nigrocarens Vrty. is approximately typical. 
There are often 2 subcostal spots on upperside of forewings. On underside of hindwings the 2nd basal spot is 
frilly as large as the 3rd. The marginal spot behind the cell is scarcely longer than wide. The inner border of 
the main spot is straight, its outer border is compressed inwards. The species is almost always recognisable 
by the large discoidal lunule with straight borders. Differs on underside of hindwings from alveus by the smaller 
basal spots and by the greater prominence of the light veins, fritillum $3 can be differentiated from armoricanus 
33 by the spots on upperside of fore wings which are generally much smaller, especially the discoidal lunule. In 
armoricanus 2 the white marking of hindwings is much more faint. — iberica Gr.-Grsh. (= fabressi Oberth., 
parafabressei Vrty.) is described as a cinarae form, later on classified to alveus as was done in Vol. 1, p. 339; 
according to the genitals however it should be placed here. Ground colour of underside of hindwings is reddish 
ochre, the spots more yellowish and not white. On forewings also the spots can be more yellow. — martorelli 
Sag. is the 2nd generation of same, of lighter ground colour. Underside of forewings less blackish, on hindwings 
less reddish. Albarracin .— herrichi Oberth. Underside especially of hindwings paler, more grey or yellowish, 
markings however white, when yellowish then as a transition to iberica. Almost the normal form in S. France. 
- siciliae Oberth. is a starvation form from Sicily. — A single 3 in the Pungeler Collection from Bulgaria has as 
small spots on upperside as alveus', belongs here according to underside. — extensa Warr. occurs in a mild form. 
It is rare. — cirsii Rmb. held by some authors to be a species, as for instance by Mabille in Vol. 1, p. 388 
sometimes deemed a form of onopordi, but classified by Warren here. 
H. cinarae Rmb. (Vol. 1, p. 338, pi. 85 h). — clorinda Warr. differs from the eastern forms: underside 
of hindwings brilliant yellow, otherwise in eastern european and asiatic specimens always dull ochreous. Veins 
light yellow and standing out distinctly from ground colour. Underside of forewings, costa and apex a brilliant 
yellow. Upperside of hindwings has yellowish red to creamy yellow markings in 3, ochreous in $. The relationship 
of clorinda to cinarae is the same as iberica to fritillum. The $ is generally darker on upperside than the 3, as 
the markings of forewings are smaller, the hindwings darkly suffused. Underside of hindwings a more brilliant- 
yellow in 2 than in A and the spots are a glossy white. Cuenca. — The extensa Warr. form resembling the same 
name-form of alveus also occurs. Such specimens are similar to numida. 
H. schansiensis Rev. In alveus we already referred to the similarity between sifanicus Gr.-Grsh. and this 
species, which on underside is simply an enlarged form of sifanicus. Ground colour of upperside is dark brown. 
The discoidal lunule on forewings has an “I” shape. In the type only spot 2 is present in the discoidal row. 
The discal spot is indistinct and wide; the only subcostal streak extends inwards from same. Of the spots of the 
discal row, spot 2 is smaller than spots 1 and 3. These 3 are in a straight line. The 3rd to 6th correspond to 
those of alveus in form and position. The three on the costa have straight bordei's. On upperside of hindwings 
the discal row' is faintly indicated, only the uppermost spot under subcostal nervure 8 is long and almost white. 
On underside of fore wings the spots are large and clear, the discal spot forms an angle with a long arm. Hindwings 
just like sifanicus only the veins are more pronounced in the ground colour. 30 mm. W. China. 
H. reverdini Oberth. Only one spot of the discoidal row is present on forewings, the discoidal lunule is 
octagonal, the discal spot is absent. The spots of the discal row are all small, the 2nd one further displaced 
