HESPERIA. By M. Gaede. 
317 
outwardly. Discal and marginal rows only faint on hindwings. Underside of forewings pale brown, spots larger, 
with a discal streak. Hindwings olive-brown. The 3 basal spots clearly separated. The spots of discal row be¬ 
tween median and upper median nervures very small. Marginal spots large. 27—30 mm. Ta-tsien-lu. 
Also speyeri Stgr. (Vol. 1, p. 338) belongs to this group. 
7. andromedae- Group (Teleomorpha Warr.). 
H. cashmirensis Mr. (Vol. 1, p. 336, pi. 85 c) belongs here. 
H. cacaliae Rmb. (Vol. 1, p. 339, pi. 85 h). This species can easily be mistaken for andromedae. However 
in consequence of the light ground colour, the markings on underside of forewings are much less distinct and 
there is almost always a white streak to margin from spot 6 of discal band. In andromedae there is always still 
a little of the ground colour between the spot and the streak. It differs on upper and undersides of forewing 
from serratulae by the absence of the discal spot, which is always present, at least on underside in serratulae. 
In cacaliae also the 2nd basal spot on underside of hindwings is absent, whilst in serratulae it is always present 
even though small, carlinae has a deeper red ground colour on underside of hindwings than cacaliae, also the 
2nd basal spot and the discal spot on forewings are always present in carlinae, cacaliae varies quite considerably 
in the number of spots. Often spots 5 and 6 of discal row on upperside of forewings are absent; the others can 
be very small. The $$ are generally fairly heavily spotted. — reducta Warr. has the main spot in the discal 
row with a quite straight edge inwardly on underside of hindwings. — In caeca Rev. (= restricta Hoffm.) only 
spot 9 of the spots of the discal row is still retained. 
H. andromedae Wllgr. (Vol. 1, p. 339, pi. 85 i). Well marked specimens have 3 discoidal spots and the 
discoidal lunule, but these can also all be absent. Then there is strong similarity to cacaliae. But in andromedae 
the inner margin of underside of hindwings is blackish to the median nervure, whilst in cacaliae it is light and 
even sometimes narrowly whitish along the inner margin. — perseus Schaw. denotes specimens that are heavily 
dusted with grey on upperside, sometimes even having small white spots. — striata Vorbr. has the spots on 
upperside of fore wings extended forming steaks; there are black spots in the middle of these streaks. Corresponds 
to malvae-taras. — reducta Warr. also occurs. 
H. centaureae Rmb. (Vol. 1, p. 339, pi. 86 a) can be differentiated from andromedae by the sharply 
delineated light veins and the very distinct 2nd basal spot on underside of the dark hindwings. Both 2nd and 1st 
basal spots short and with clearcut edges. — fasciata Warr. On underside of forewings ray-like light streaks 
enclosing dark rings extend from margin along the veins to the discal row. Lapland, Altai. — striata Warr. 
On underside of hindwings the marginal spot extends from behind the cell to the main spot of discal row. 
Specimens varying along the lines of reducta are not yet known in this species. 
H. freija Warr. (16 i, k). Exceedingly similar to centaureae and probably often mistaken for same 
(even in fact by Pungeler). In the same way as in centaureae the discal row on upperside of hindwings and 
especially also the front spot of same, as well as the marginal row can be distinct or indistinct. Possibly only 
by chance, the white spots on upperside of forewings are smaller in the 2 specimens now before me. The 
underside of hindwings is the decisive factor. The 2nd basal spot is small in freija. The outer row of spots forms 
a continuous row of dentations. The margin is narrow and light throughout and quite separate from the dentate 
line. In centaureae on the other hand it merges with the much less distinct dentate line especially at discoidal 
nervure. Lapland, Greenland, Labrador and further west. All specimens of centaureae from Lapland should 
be checked through, they will be found to be mostly freija. 
H. sibirica Rev. Similar to andromedae. The spots on forewings appear to be slightly larger. Spot 6 
of the discal row is not situate so far outwardly and is equidistant from 7 and 5. Usually there are 2 white 
streaks along the costa between spot 9 and the discoidal lunule. LTpperside of hindwings as in andromedae. 
Also on underside it is observed that on the lighter forewing, spot 6 is not situate so far outwardly as in andro¬ 
medae. The 1st basal spot of hindwings is shorter, rounder and not streak-like. The veins are slightly lighter. 
28—30 mm. Altai. 
* 
H. chapmani Rev. The chief difference from sibirica lies in the genitals. From the few known specimens 
or illustrations of chapmani it would appear that the marginal row and 1st basal spot on underside of hindwings 
are paler. So far only 1 $ has been captured each from Munko Sardyk, Witim and S. Siberia and besides 
one single $. 
H. alpina Ersch. (Vol. 1, p. 336) is a separate species and not a form of cashmirensis. darwazica Gr.- 
Grsh. (Vol. 1, p. 337) belongs to same as a race. 
H. bieti Oberth. (Vol. 1, p. 339, pi. 86 b). The new race yunnana Oberth. has spot 2 of discal row on 
upperside of fore wings scarcely displaced outwardly in comparison to spot 3. On underside of hindwings the 
discal row only begins with the small triangular spot below the main spot. As described from a single specimen, 
perhaps it is only an aberration. Yunnan; not actually palaearctic. — tokachiana Mats, from Japan has larger 
yellowish white spots in the submarginal area on upperside of fore wings than the type form. On underside of 
hindwings the dark brown “y” shaped spot is absent. In place of same there is another spot with a light centre. 
Hokkaido. 
H. oberthuri Leech (Vol. 1, p. 340, pi. 86 b). delavayi Oberth. is synonymous with this. 
cacaliae. 
reducta. 
caeca. 
androme- 
dac. 
perseus. 
striata. 
reducta. 
centaureae. 
fasciata. 
striata. 
freija. 
sibirica. 
chapmani. 
alpina. 
bicli. 
tolcacliiana. 
oberthuri. 
