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HESPERIA. By M. Gaede. 
zona. H. zona Mab. (Vol. 1, p. 340, pi. 86 b). — faocki Oberth. does not vary from type form on upperside. 
boclri. Q n underside only hindwing slightly different. Ground colour is more grey-yellow, the inner band grey-brown 
instead of red-brown, the white discal band only present in the posterior half. The marginal area with only 
albisiriga. a narrow brown band instead of entirely red-brown. Kiang-se. — albistriga Mab. enumerated in Vol. 1 (pi. 86 b) 
by Mabille as a species, but I consider same only a form of zona. Underside of hindwings brown with suffusion 
of violet instead of red-brown. Our illustration (Vol. 1, pi. 86 b) of albistriga is like a typical zona, 
carthami. H. carthami Hbn. (Vol. 1, p. 338, pi. 85 g) is very like sidae on upperside. In sidae the two subcostal 
streaks on upperside of forewings are situate next to one another in the direction of spot 9, whilst in carthami 
they are both over the discoidal lunule. The undersides of the 2 species are as different from one another as is 
jiossible in Hesperules. In the Pyrenees small carthami are like serratulae. In carthami spot 5 of the discal row 
on upperside of forewings is always smaller, even though only slightly, whilst in serratulae it is considerably 
smaller or quite absent, even if the other sjiots are large. On underside of hindwings the 1st basal spot and spot 
l of the discal row are merged in the anterior part of the light inner margin. In serratulae the inner margin 
is dark. x41so alveus is similar to carthami in Spain. The lower part of the discal streak on underside of forewings 
approximates strongly to the discoidal lunule, in alveus they are distinctly separated. — speciosa Vrty. and 
valesiaca. probably also major Rbl. (heavily dusted with grey-green, row of spots complete) are identical with valesiaca 
Mab. as these all occur in the race of valesiaca from the S. Tyrol. This is the form that Mabille himself designated 
as valesina (= valesiaca Buhl) in Vol. 1. It is described in Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. (5) 5, p. 214 and this was not 
nevadensis. mentioned in Vol. 1. — nevadensis Oberth. is somewhat reddish at margin on underside of hindwings, similar 
pyrcnaica. to alveus from the same locality, but the genitals are different from alveus. Sierra Nevada. — pyrenaica Warr. 
(= microcarthami Vrty.) is very small, 26—28 mm, otherwise scarcely different from nevadensis. According 
lucasi. to the size of the spots however sometimes like serratulae. Canales. — Sucasi Rev. the race from Charente inf. 
is similar to the former, but there is a constant difference on underside of forewings. There are 3—4 small white 
streaks at outer margin over the inner angle behind the spots of the main row. These are also faintly discernible 
reduda. on upperside. — The reducta Warr. form is even more like serratulae than pyrenaica. — albana Heinr. is on 
albana. underside like moeschleri H.-Schaejf. (= galactites Rmb.) dealt with in Vol. 1, but on upperside like normal 
vittatus. carthami and also inclined to be smaller rather than larger. Digne. — vittatus Oberth. has very large white spots 
duosignata. on upperside of forewings. These merge like in malvae-taras and then form is named duosignafa Kilian. — • 
ruhli. rtilill Stgr. (= immaculata Warr.) has fewer spots on forewings, none at all on hindwings. — restricfa Galv. 
rcstmda. Forewings heavily dusted with green-grey with extinct row of spots, only spots 3 and 4 distinct on forewings. 
On hindwings discal and marginal bands consist of radial streaks. On underside of hindwings the white spots 
si due j or mis. predominate. — sidaeformis Warr. is as brilliant orange on underside of hindwings as sidae. 
sidae. H. sidae Esp. (Vol. 1, p. 340, pi. 86 b). This belongs to the few species having marginal spots on upper 
and undersides of forewings. On underside very similar to a small spotted antonia. sidae can always be 
distinguished from carthami by the juxtaposition of the subcostal spots. The species decreases considerably 
occldentalis. in size on an average from the East to the West. — In occidentals Vrty. (= occidua Vrty.) the spots on upperside 
are not so quadrate, especially spots 1, 2, 5 and 6 of discal row. On underside of forewings the black border of 
the spots is possibly slightly finer. The cream-yellow bands on hindwings are narrower with slightly thinner 
black edges and less dentate. Within the white basal spots, which might almost be described as the ground 
colour, there is a further yellow basal spot lying on the costa. This also occuis in sidae but proportionately 
hafneri. much smaller. It occurs west of the Adriatic and replaces sidae. — hafneri Std. In this unique specimen the 
white spots on upperside are heavily reduced in size, on underside the orange-yellow bands are suppressed by 
reduda. the extension of the black margination. — reducta Warr. has the inner edge of the main white spot of discal 
band, respectively the outer edge of the inner yellow band, quite straight. Occurs frequently among occidentalis. 
alboradiata. — alboradiata Bub. has the white spots on uppersides of both wings extended radially, on underside only on 
hindwings. The author is apparently not quite certain in his mind as to the differences between sidae and 
onopordi , therefore the classification here is uncertain. Distributed from South France to Ararat. 
8. malvae- Group (. Hemiteleomorpha Warr.). 
malvac. H. malvae L. (Vol. 1, p. 339, pi. 86 a). This species is so nearly identical with malvoides Elw. db Edw. 
that quite justifiably no illustration of the latter was given in Vol. 1. Nevertheless the particulars of the 
descriptions can be amplified, a) Characteristics of malvae : On upperside of forewings the outer row of spots 
is somewhat diffuse but normally fairly distinguishable. Club of antennae when viewed from in front is black. 
Underside of hindwings yellowish brown with greenish sheen, occasionally reddish. The main spot more slightly 
incised outwardly, b) malvoides: The outer row of spots is at the best only slightly indicated above the inner 
margin. Club of antennae is golden brown when viewed from in front. Underside of hindwings reddish brown, 
frequently also yellowish brown. The main spot heavily incurved outwardly, sometimes cpiite angular. One 
cannot however depend on these distinctions in all cases. The examination of specimens with exact data has 
indicated that date of capture and locality are always the deciding factors in the classification, malvae is 
distributed from Ireland to E. Siberia, extends in W. Europe up to the Alps, but is missing in the southern 
Alps. The southern boundary extends from Bordeaux to Geneva, through north Switzerland and N. Tyrol 
