THANAOS. By M. Gaede. 
319 
thence over the Balkans to Greece and Asia Minor. Northwards of this line only malvae is captured. The two 
seem only to mingle in the Rhone Valley. — The distribution of malvoides is not so well known. It occurs in 
Portugal, Spain and S. France and in central Switzerland fairly high up (Riffelalp). In the S. Tyrol the only 
known localities are Kastelruth and Grodnerjoch. Eastwards and south-eastwards of this there are no parti¬ 
culars. On the other hand it probably occurs throughout Italy including the Islands. Algeria is doubtful. In 
the north-west and parts of central Europe malvae is single-brooded. It occurs end of April to end of June, also 
in the hot Rhone Valley, whilst in N. Germany to Austria it is double-brooded in April—May and again in 
August. Only in Constantinople and Asia Minor is this again the case. — graeca Oberth. is much larger than gracca 
typical malvae. Underside of hindwings olive green, the white markings considerably reduced. Greece, 
zagrabiensis Gruncl. On upperside of forewings the outer row is conjoined forming a transverse band. On hind- 
wings only 2 small spots of discal row are present. Fringes of both wings less intersected by black. Underside 
of forewings like upperside, on hindwings fewer but larger spots than normal. Agram. intermedia Schilde intermedia. 
has the white markings on hindwings as reduced as in taras Bergstr., but fore wings are normal. — pseudotaras 
Lacr. is like taras only on underside, upperside normal. punctifera Fuchs is like the following type, markings 
very delicate. — seabellata Rev. has a white streak on forewings above the inner margin, sometimes same is 
turned upwards at the ends. — bilineata Rev. with 2 lines above the inner margin. This is a rare form, generally 
these two lines merge forming one mark. — marginoelongata Rev. has the marginal row of spots radially 
elongated on both wings. — faseiata Tutt has a complete transverse white band on upperside of hindwings. - 
restricta Tutt. The white spots of both wings smaller or absent. — In moryi Strd. the discal band on underside 
of hindwings is completely transverse. — albina Tutt has upperside a grey-white ground colour; — albina 
Oberth. has pale brown ground colour. — In miilleri Diosz. from Transylvania the white markings on upperside 
of hindwings are as extensive as they are on forewings of taras Bgstr. The white spots on forewings are small, 
only those around the discal cell being larger. On hindwings the spots of the outer half are considerably larger. 
Also on underside of hindwings the spots are larger. On forewings the white radial streaks in marginal area, 
which are characteristic of malvae are very distinct. 
agrabien- 
sis. 
pseudotaras ■ 
punctifera. 
seabellata . 
bilineata. 
margino* 
elongata. 
faseiata. 
restricta . 
moryi. 
albina. 
albina. 
mulleri. 
H. malvoides Elw. & Edw. The same aberrations can occur here as in malvae and they can therefore malvoides. 
be similarly named. Besides these there are the following: - pyrenaica Tutt ( = fritillans Oberth.). Underside pyrenaica. 
of both wings chocolate brown. — tutti Vrty. The white spots on upperside of forewings are very large, but do tutti. 
not merge. — semiconfluens Rev. has a large discoidal lunule on fore wings. The first spots of the discal row semicon- 
are also large and are inclined to confluence. Hindwings with little white marking on upper and undersides. — fluens. 
Around Florence the 2nd generation differs somewhat from the typical Spanish. It is smaller and paler. Both 
wings are grey on upperside and forewings also on underside and faintly suffused with reddish. Hindwings are 
very variable, generally pale ochreous reddish: modestior Vrty., typical of Florence. — Some specimens among modestior. 
same are more yellowish and dusted with white in both sexes. On account of their similarity with melotis Dup. 
they are named melotiforniis Vrty. — pseudomalvae and luctuata Vrty., alpina, andalusiaca and australis Tutt meloti- 
scarcely differ from typical malvoides. — This species is double-brooded even at high altitudes. formis. 
H. pontica Rev. This species chiefly differs in the genitals from malvae and malvoides. In the specimens pontica. 
hitherto examined however these are also not absolutely constant, so that the species can be deemed as still 
being evolved. All markings are liable to vary. For instance spot 2 of the discal row on forewings can be 
approximately vertically above spot 1 or considerably further out. Spot 8 can be shorter outwardly than 7 and 9, 
thereby creating a bulge in the outer line of the spots or otherwise same may be cpiite straight. On hindwings 
on underside the marginal spot behind the cell is almost always shorter and more quadrate than in malvae. 
Amasia, Achalzich. 
H, melotis Dup. (Vol. 1, p. 338, pi. 85 d). — The form reducta Warr. also occurs in this insect. melotis. 
. . reducta. 
H. caid Le Cerf. Ground colour bronze-black. Faint marginal spots consisting of olive-grev scales C aid. 
on both wings. Forewings apparently without discoidal spots, discoidal lunule large, rectangular, a fine white 
discal streak beyond same. Of the discal row, spot 3 is round, spot 4 small, the 3 anterior spots are also present. 
Hindwings approximately as in sao. Underside of forewings is dark black-brown, olive-brown at costa and apex, 
similarly the triangular marginal spots and the spots of upperside. Hindwings ochreous reddish grey, longish 
white triangles at margin and the spots of upperside somewhat enlarged. E 30 mm. Morocco. In regard to the 
classification of this species, the author has not expressed any opinion and it has therefore been placed at the end. 
15. Genus: Tliaiinos Bsd. 
Th. tages L. (Vol. 1, p. 340, pi. 86 c). — elarus Caradja the 2nd generation from hot localities in central tages. 
and southern Italy is pale brownish grey on upperside and yellowish grey on underside, subclarus Vrty. from elarus. 
the S. Tyrol is a transition to same. — posticeprivata Std. has no white marginal spots on hindwings. — coelestina postice- 
Std. is said to be similar to marloyi Bsd. (Vol. I, pi. 86 d). Upperside of forewings bluish grey, hindwings brown- 
black. The white spots are absent on both wings. Underside of apex of forewings violet, white spots are present 
with a second row of spots 3 mm inwards. — isabellae Lamb, has a dark brownish black ground colour with isabellac. 
