322 
AUGIADES; ERYNNIS. By M. Gaede. 
35. Genus: Augiacles Hbn. 
sylvanus. A. sylvanus Esj). (Vol. 1, p. 347, pi. 88 a). The smaller races from northerly regions incline to melanism. 
They are named septentrional is Vrty. Extreme forms of same were previously named: — obsoleta Tutt and 
minuia. paupera Tutt (see below). — The first generation in Mainarde is sylvanus, the second in Tuscany minuta Vrty., 
sylvanellus. the markings are larger in relation to the smallness of the insect, the third in Formia sylvanellus Trti. has 
norwegica. smaller spots. — norwegica Tutt is small. Basal area pale fulvous, only darker at the upper end of the andro- 
conia streak, outer margin widely dark. Hindwings also pale with still paler spots, margin narrowly black. 
The $ darker. Underside pale ochreous, the pale spots therefore not being so distinct. Base of hindwings 
greenish. The race therefore does not at all agree with Verity’s claim that the northern races are dark. —- 
alpina. alpina Hoffm. is grey-brown on upper and undersides, the pale spots in consequence much more distinct. 
faunas. Styria. — faunus Trti. has a very wide brown margin on underside of forewings, that on hindwings somewhat 
less wide, the inner area pale and devoid of markings. High Pyrenees. — Verity considers the name ana- 
anatolica. tolica Plotz is superfluous. It is quite true that in European specimens the underside of hindwings is also some¬ 
times green, but anatolica is larger and the pale spots on underside more distinct. — Besides there are the 
following names for slight variations in colour on underside of hindwings: infraflava, infraochracea and with 
iaurica. darker dusting injranigrans Vrty. — taurica B.-H. (16 k) denotes large pale specimens in which the marginal 
band on hindwings is more pronounced in comparison with the pale basal area. Underside reddish yellow not 
greenish, without markings. Taurus. — Specimens from Askabad are even paler still, as the marginal band 
between the veins is almost dissolved into separate spots. — tochrana Brem. according to the author, forms 
a transition to subhyalina Brem. A- Grey, it is large, almost the same lively fulvous on upperside as typical, 
more heavily adumbrated at outer margin. The markings are also typical and not hyaline. Underside almost 
cinnamon brown with outstanding dark veins. Japan. — The following names are created by Tutt: obscura, 
for small dark specimens, spots small and distinct; juncta has underside of hindwings pale in the middle, as 
the pale spots are merged; paupera, ground colour and markings paler, inclined to be albinotic; obsoleta, dark 
to the blackish margin, spots more or less absent. The latter 3 are found in more northerly localities. — oppo- 
sita has striking pale spots on upper and undersides; clara, very pale ground colour, nevertheless spots 
distinct. Margin of forewings narrowly black, wider on hindwings; extensa similarly, but the spots more or 
less merged. — chosensis Mats. The single <$ differs from selas Wab. by paler spots on upper and under¬ 
sides and on underside of forewings by a black inner margin. The siiecimen differs from amurensis Mab. by 
this black inner margin which extends from the base of median nervure almost to the margin having also 
a black mark immediately below the cell. Corea. 
A. buddha Mab. (Vol. 1, p. 348, pi. 88 b). — flavomaculata-^ Draes. is a reverse form of consors Leech 
(pi. 88 b). In same the spots of the forewings are as yellow as is normally the case with those of the hind¬ 
wings. Szechuan. 
36. Genus: Eryimis Schrclc. 
E. comma L. (Vol. 1, p. 348, pi. 88 c). — apennina Rost. (16 1) combines the characteristics of clara 
apennina. Tutt and intermedia Tutt on upperside, that is to say the dark marking is paler and much less extensive or 
absent. Underside approximately like jlava Tutt. Hindwdngs and quadrate spots of same almost the same 
bright yellow colour. Described from the Apennines (Caserta) and also found on the Mti. Sibillini at the same 
time as alpina Bath. According to Verity the race is almost the same as intermedia-jlava Tutt, so that the 
name apennina would seem to be superfluous. — Among apennina -$ one finds specimens in which the 
mixto- white spots are large and with narrow black borders. This is rarer in the $: mixto-apennina Rost. — In 
apennina. the Apennines (Bolognola, 1200 m altitude) there is a second and very similar race. Upperside of with 
dark markings fairly considerably reduced and also underside of both and $ less dusky. The latter is 
the chief difference as against the north european typical comma, which otherwise the form resembles: 
alpapen- alpapemiina Vrty. — alpiumflava Vrty. is also similar to apennina, but smaller, the $ darker on upperside, 
nina. underside of $ and $ more extensively and heavily scaled with black. Atzwang (S. Tyrol). The race 
a ^ P flara occurs on warm barren places in the S. Tyrol, whilst in more moist localities for instance Klobenstein, 
galliae- Cortina quite typical comma are found. — galliaemeridiei Vrty. In the $ the dark areas are paler and 
meridiei. less extensive than in apennina, also the fulvous ground colour is paler in extreme specimens. Underside 
of hindwings often yellow with scarcely a trace of green scales. This is scarcely different to aurdta Vrty. 
where the ground colour is more reddish yellow. In the $ the dark patches are fairly thin, especially on 
underside where the colour has a whitish greenish sheen. Nimes and Gedre. — A Spanish race reminds one 
somewhat of pallida Stgr. it is rather redder in the $ and $, the white spots near the apex in the $ 
liibera. being very striking: hibera Vrty. from Albarracin and also from Portugal. — Also alpina Bath is sub¬ 
divided. The typical race from the Wengernalp and Scheidegg is large, inclining to melanism in such a 
snperal- wa y that the dark areas are more dusky and the orange yellow spots incline to be reduced. — superalpina 
pina. Vrty. comes between alpina and the following atralpina both in regard to size as well as in melanism. 
Underside of hindwings and apex of forewings is green, heavily dusted with black in both sexes. Upper- 
side of $ heavily blackish, the fulvous patches at base and the yellow-white spots at apex reduced to 
tochrana. 
chosensis. 
buddha. 
flavc- 
maculata. 
comma. 
